Abstract: A submerged planar illumination device for providing specified, substantially uniform distribution of light in liquid from one or few light sources such as LED. The device comprises a light guiding plate having an entrance edge to which the LEDs are fixed, a collimator for redirecting the light and forming substrate light which is coupled to a light guiding plate having at least one light extracting surface. Light extracting surface are optionally on both large surfaces of the light guiding plate. Each light extracting surface is covered with a pattern of light extracting and scattering elements capable of collecting, scattering and extracting light propagating in the light guiding plate into the liquid ambient medium in which the device is submerged. A cover, sealed to the entrance edge of the light guiding plate, protects the light emitting element from the liquid ambient medium.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, including a housing (22), configured for insertion into a body of a patient; a photosynthetic oxygen supply (24) configured to supply oxygen; and functional cells (30), coupled to the housing (22). The functional cells (30) are adapted to receive the oxygen and to secrete at least one factor that induces vascularization in a vicinity of the housing (22) when the housing (22) is in the body of the patient. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A submerged planar illumination device for providing specified, substantially uniform distribution of light in liquid from one or few light sources such as LED. The device comprises a light guiding plate having an entrance edge to which the LEDs are fixed, a collimator for redirecting the light and forming substrate light which is coupled to a light guiding plate having at least one light extracting surface. Light extracting surface are optionally on both large surfaces of the light guiding plate. Each light extracting surface is covered with a pattern of light extracting and scattering elements capable of collecting, scattering and extracting light propagating in the light guiding plate into the liquid ambient medium in which the device is submerged. A cover, sealed to the entrance edge of the light guiding plate, protects the light emitting element from the liquid ambient medium.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided including a chamber, which is adapted to be implanted in a body of an individual, the chamber including functional cells and chlorophyll-containing elements comprising chlorophyll of an obligate photoautotroph.

Abstract: Apparatus (20) is provided for implantation into a body of a subject, including isolated functional cells (28). At least one first barrier (22) having a first molecular weight cutoff is disposed with respect to the functional cells so as to protect the functional cells from components disposed within body fluid of the subject having molecular weights higher than the first cutoff. Photosynthetic elements (26) are disposed with respect to the functional cells so as to provide oxygen thereto. At least one second barrier (24) has a second molecular weight cutoff that is lower than the first cutoff. The second barrier is disposed with respect to the photosynthetic elements so as to protect the photosynthetic elements from components disposed within the body fluid of the subject having molecular weights higher than the second cutoff. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, including a housing (22), configured for insertion into a body of a patient; a photosynthetic oxygen supply (24) configured to supply oxygen; and functional cells (30), coupled to the housing (22). The functional cells (30) are adapted to receive the oxygen and to secrete at least one factor that induces vascularization in a vicinity of the housing (22) when the housing (22) is in the body of the patient. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided including a chamber, which is adapted to be implanted in a body of an individual, the chamber including functional cells and chlorophyll-containing elements comprising chlorophyll of an obligate photoautotroph.