Abstract: A system for gastrointestinal examination, including an imaging capsule configured to scan the gastrointestinal tract of a patient using radiation and configured to measure X-ray fluorescence and Compton backscattering and transmit the measurements, a computer with a processor and memory configured to receive the measurements from the imaging capsule, a trained machine learning module executed by the computer configured to analyze the measurements and provide a probability score representing the probability of the existence of a polyp or other abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract of the patient.

Abstract: An imaging capsule including, a radiation source, a collimator that provides a collimated beam from the radiation source, at least one detector configured to detect particles resulting from X-ray fluorescence and/or Compton backscattering in response to the collimated beam to reconstruct images of a user's gastrointestinal tract, wherein the imaging capsule is configured to identify an inflamed area, within the user's gastrointestinal tract, based on a count of the detected particles and initiate actions responsive to detecting the inflamed area.

Abstract: An imaging capsule, including a radiation source, a collimator that provides a collimated beam from the radiation source, a detector configured to detect particles resulting from X-ray fluorescence and/or Compton backscattering in response to the collimated beam, a motor to rotate the collimator and detector around an axle to scan a partial or full inner circumference of a user's colon with radiation, wherein the motor comprises a segmented commutator that is fed with a power signal via brush contacts; and wherein the motor provides a pulsed output signal based on mechanical switching of the segmented commutator on the brush contacts, providing an indication of the rotation angle of the motor as a function of time.

Abstract: An imaging capsule, including a radiation source; a collimator that blocks the emission of radiation from the radiation source except through two or more output columns; a detector paired to each output column configured to detect particles resulting from X-ray fluorescence and/or Compton backscattering in response to the particles emitted by the output columns; wherein the collimator is configured to rotate around an X axis to scan a partial or full inner circumference of a user's colon with radiation emitted from each output column; and wherein at least two of the two or more output columns are tilted by a distinct angle relative to a Y axis that is perpendicular to the X axis, to scan distinct positions along the user's colon and form images of a slice of the colon in parallel planes.

Abstract: An imaging capsule including, a radiation source, a collimator that blocks the emission of radiation from the radiation source except through one or more output columns, a shutter comprising one or more openings; wherein the shutter is rotatably coupled to the collimator to enable selecting at least two states; a closed state in which the shutter blocks the emission of radiation from the radiation source, and an open state in which the shutter does not block the emission of radiation, a motor configured to rotate the collimator and select the state of the shutter, a main power source configure to power the motor, a circuit that monitors a status of the main power source and instructs the motor to place the shutter in the closed state if power in the main power source is below a threshold value.

Abstract: A system for searching for underground entities in ground of an area, including a search probe configured to generate and deliver an acoustic signal into the ground of the area, wherein the acoustic signal uses a low frequency signal so that wavelengths of the acoustic signal are between 0.01-500 times the depth to the sought underground entity, two or more sensors positioned on the ground at about an equal distance from the search probe at different angles, an analysis device that receives measurements from the two or more sensors in the form of a measured echo signal responsive to the delivered acoustic signal, wherein said analysis device designates pairs of sensors and subtracts their echo signals to identify a difference indicating the existence of an underground entity.

Abstract: A system for estimating the position of an imaging capsule that examines the gastrointestinal tract of a user, including an imaging capsule for examining inside the user; and a recorder for communicating with the imaging capsule from outside the user. The imaging capsule includes a controller for controlling functionality of the imaging capsule, a transceiver for communication with the recorder and a coil for transmission of electromagnetic signals. The recorder includes a controller for controlling functionality of the recorder, a transceiver for communication with the imaging capsule and a coil for receiving electromagnetic signals from the coil of the imaging capsule. Wherein the recorder determines the location of the imaging capsule based on measurements of the amplitude of the electromagnetic signals transmitted by the coil in the imaging capsule.

Abstract: A system for polyp detection through capsule dynamics, including a capsule configured to be swallowed by a patient, a recorder configured to be worn by the patient and to receive transmission of information from the capsule, wherein the system is configured to determine position or motion information of the capsule from the information received from the capsule, analyze the position or motion information and determine a probability score representing the likelihood of the existence of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract of the patient; and wherein the system notifies the patient of further actions to be performed in response to the determined probability score.

Abstract: An imaging capsule configured to be swallowed to scan the gastrointestinal tract of a person from the inside, including a radiation source providing X-Ray and gamma radiation for scanning the gastrointestinal tract, a pressure sensor for measuring the internal pressure in the imaging capsule; and wherein the imaging capsule is configured to control the emission of radiation from within the imaging capsule responsive to the measurements of the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A delivery capsule configured to be swallowed to deliver medication inside the gastrointestinal tract, including a pressure sensor for measuring the internal pressure in the delivery capsule; one or more compartments for storing medication; and a controller configured to control the release a dose of medication from a compartment responsive to the measurements of the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A system for searching for underground entities in ground of an area, including a search probe configured to generate and deliver an acoustic signal into the ground of the area, wherein the acoustic signal uses a low frequency signal so that wavelengths of the acoustic signal are between 0.01-500 times the depth to the sought underground entity, two or more sensors positioned on the ground at about an equal distance from the search probe at different angles, an analysis device that receives measurements from the two or more sensors in the form of a measured echo signal responsive to the delivered acoustic signal, wherein said analysis device designates pairs of sensors and subtracts their echo signals to identify a difference indicating the existence of an underground entity.

Abstract: A method of separating Osmium from Iridium, including receiving a powdered mixture of Osmium and Iridium, oxidizing the Osmium of the powdered mixture, capturing the oxidized Osmium in a trapping solution, reducing the oxidized Osmium from the solution to release the Osmium.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing an image of a colon, including receiving scan data of a colon taken by an imaging capsule that traverses the colon; wherein the imaging capsule emits X-ray radiation inside the colon and includes detectors that detect photons that are returned toward the imaging capsule from X-ray fluorescence and Compton back scattering interactions responsive to the radiation; and wherein the scan data includes counts of photons detected by each detector from X-ray fluorescence and Compton back scattering interactions; defining an initial guess of a geometry of a contour of a slice of the colon; calculating count values for each detector responsive to the geometry using a forward model; comparing the calculated count values of each detector with the values from the scan data; if the results of the comparison do not indicate reaching an optimal match then adjust the defined geometry and repeat the calculating and comparing.

Abstract: A capsule for traversing the gastrointestinal tract, including one or more compartments configured to sample the environment surrounding the capsule or configured to deliver content to the environment surrounding the capsule, an internal controller configured to activate the one or more compartments to sample or deliver, wherein the capsule includes a tracking system configured to identify the location of the capsule in real-time and activate a compartment when reaching a specific location in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: A system for searching for underground entities in ground of an area, including a search probe configured to generate and deliver an acoustic signal into the ground of the area, wherein the acoustic signal uses a low frequency signal so that wavelengths of the acoustic signal are between 0.01-500 times the depth to the sought underground entity, two or more sensors positioned on the ground at about an equal distance from the search probe at different angles, an analysis device that receives measurements from the two or more sensors in the form of a measured echo signal responsive to the delivered acoustic signal, wherein said analysis device designates pairs of sensors and subtracts their echo signals to identify a difference indicating the existence of an underground entity.

Abstract: A system for searching for underground entities in ground of an area, including a search probe configured to generate and deliver an acoustic signal into the ground of the area, wherein the acoustic signal uses a low frequency signal so that wavelengths of the acoustic signal are between 0.01-500 times the depth to the sought underground entity, two or more sensors positioned on the ground at about an equal distance from the search probe at different angles, an analysis device that receives measurements from the two or more sensors in the form of a measured echo signal responsive to the delivered acoustic signal, wherein said analysis device designates pairs of sensors and subtracts their echo signals to identify a difference indicating the existence of an underground entity.

Abstract: A method of screening for colorectal cancer, including testing a person's feces, blood or urine for indications of colorectal cancer; if the results of the testing are negative scanning the walls of the colon with an X-ray imaging capsule to identify signs of abnormal growths; or scanning the walls of the colon with an X-ray imaging capsule to identify signs of abnormal growths; if the results of the scanning are negative testing a person's feces for indications of colorectal cancer. Wherein if the results of either the testing or the scanning are positive recommending examining the person with a colonoscopy examination, otherwise recommending retesting in a few years.

Abstract: A method of separating Osmium from Iridium, including receiving a powdered mixture of Osmium and Iridium, oxidizing the Osmium of the powdered mixture, capturing the oxidized Osmium in a trapping solution, reducing the oxidized Osmium from the solution to release the Osmium.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing an image of a colon, including receiving scan data of a colon taken by an imaging capsule that traverses the colon; wherein the imaging capsule emits X-ray radiation inside the colon and includes detectors that detect photons that are returned toward the imaging capsule from X-ray fluorescence and Compton back scattering interactions responsive to the radiation; and wherein the scan data includes counts of photons detected by each detector from X-ray fluorescence and Compton back scattering interactions; defining an initial guess of a geometry of a contour of a slice of the colon; calculating count values for each detector responsive to the geometry using a forward model; comparing the calculated count values of each detector with the values from the scan data; if the results of the comparison do not indicate reaching an optimal match then adjust the defined geometry and repeat the calculating and comparing.

Abstract: A colon imaging system, including an imaging capsule, having: a. a radiation source providing X-Ray and gamma radiation with energies sufficient to induce X-Ray fluorescence from nanoparticles that adhere to cancerous tissue, and which were administered to a patient in a solution prior to examining the colon with the imaging capsule; b. a detector for detecting particle energy of particles emitted responsive to the provided radiation and forming count information disclosing a number of particles detected for each energy level; c. a transceiver for transferring the count information to an external computer for analysis, and also having a computer for constructing images of an inside of the colon based on the count information; wherein the images provide an indication of locations in the colon of which the nanoparticles adhere to.