Abstract: An input/output circuit may include an input circuit, an amplifier circuit and a precharging circuit. The input circuit may load differential input data to setup nodes based on a data strobe clock. The amplifier circuit may compare and amplify the data that is loaded to the setup nodes and configured to output the amplified data. The precharging circuit may precharge the setup nodes based on the data strobe clock and the differential input data.

Abstract: A working robot, which is able to perform a required operation by locating a tool on a working position of a moving object, comprises a robot body moving with the object according to the movement of the object with more than one degree of freedom; an actuator mounted on a free end of the robot body and including a tool mounting unit, on which the tool is mounted, connected by a passive joint which reacts passively to small displacement of the object for locating the tool on the working position; and a control device for controlling the robot body, the actuator, and the tool.

Abstract: A working robot, which is able to perform a required operation by locating a tool on a working position of a moving object, comprises a robot body moving with the object according to the movement of the object with more than one degree of freedom; an actuator mounted on a free end of the robot body and including a tool mounting unit, on which the tool is mounted, connected by a passive joint which reacts passively to small displacement of the object for locating the tool on the working position; and a control device for controlling the robot body, the actuator, and the tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring and fixing the three-dimensional location of medical instrument that can be easily placed at a desired location by a user. In addition, a medical apparatus for measuring the three-dimensional locations of an apparatus fixed at an end portion of a cancer and an external apparatus and fixing the apparatus at an end portion of the cancer, which can be easily placed at a desired location by a user and carries out the location-fixing and measuring at the same time. The apparatus is applicable for various medical fields such as the measurement of the location and orientation of an external apparatus, the measurement of relative locations of a medical instrument contacted to an end-portion of a cancer and the object body, and the fixation of the instrument at a desired location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring and fixing the three-dimensional location of medical instrument that can be easily placed at a desired location by a user.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling exhaust noise in an internal combustion engine uses the length difference between the exhaust pipe and the bypass pipe. The apparatus includes an exhaust pipe for outwardly releasing exhaust gas from the engine; a bypass pipe variable in length which diverges from said exhaust pipe with a distance and has U-shaped and reverse U-shaped sections formed alternately; an actuator having an actuating rod connected to the bypass pipe to vary the length of the bypass pipe; and a control unit for controlling the actuator. The bypass pipe has the U-shaped and reverse U-shaped sections arranged alternately so that the variable length of the bypass pipe can be extended while minimizing the space for installing the bypass pipe, and thereby noise in the low frequency band can be suitably reduced. Also, the exhaust pipe is additionally provided with a device for adjusting the length to increase the length difference with the bypass pipe so that noise in a wider band can be controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling exhaust noise in an internal combustion engine by using the length difference between the exhaust pipe and the bypass pipe. The apparatus comprises an exhaust pipe for outwardly releasing exhaust gas from the engine; a bypass pipe variable in length which diverges from said exhaust pipe with a distance and has U-shaped and reverse U-shaped sections formed alternately; an actuator having an actuating rod connected to said bypass pipe to vary the length of said bypass pipe; and a control unit for controlling said actuator. The bypass pipe has the U-shaped and reverse U-shaped sections arranged alternately so that the variable length of the bypass pipe can be extended while minimizing the space for installing the bypass pipe, and thereby noise in the low frequency band can be suitably reduced.