Abstract: A rail vehicle's pillow beam (9) has a plurality of radial ribs (20) radially disposed, horizontally oriented, projecting shapes on a flat plate surface arranged radially from the center of the vertical load input (17) and curvature provided along the longitudinal or width direction of the vehicle, gradually curving along the longitudinal or width direction of the vehicle as it moves away from the center of the vertical load input, and a plurality of circular ribs (21) arranged intermittently around the vertical load input seating surface so as to overlap the plurality of radial ribs (20).

Abstract: Provided are a fracture surface analysis apparatus and a fracture surface analysis method which enable a non-expert to conduct a fracture surface analysis just as well as an expert does. This fracture surface analysis apparatus is characterized by including a microscopic region observation unit that is provided with a first means for calculating an accuracy of fracture mode by using a first observation image, of a microscopic region of a to-be-analyzed object, acquired by an imaging means, a second means for calculating an observation condition for improving the accuracy of the fracture mode, and a third means for adjusting conditions for imaging the microscopic region by the imaging means, and that outputs the accuracy of fracture mode and the observation condition for improving the accuracy of fracture mode to a visualization means.