Abstract: A problem detection apparatus includes a relay, a measurement circuit and a controller. The relay is provided between a power supply and an external circuit, both of which are in a high voltage system. The relay is configured to switch an electrical connection state of the power supply to the external circuit between a closed state and an open state. The measurement circuit measures a voltage of a circuit in the high voltage system. The measurement circuit is in the high voltage system and connected between the relay and the external circuit. In a case where a command to switch the relay to the open state has been output, the controller detects, based on the voltage measured by the measurement circuit, whether or not the relay has a short circuit. The controller is in a low voltage system having a lower voltage than a voltage of the high voltage system.

Abstract: An electronic control apparatus includes: a circuit board; a holder provided to an upper side of the circuit board; a loudspeaker mounted on the holder; a cushioning member that i) is elastic and ii) is mounted on an upper side of the loudspeaker; and a case that i) is in contact with the cushioning member and ii) houses the circuit board, the holder and the loudspeaker. Thus, the electronic control apparatus including the loudspeaker outputs sound at a high volume.

Abstract: An electronic control apparatus includes: a circuit board; a holder provided to an upper side of the circuit board; a loudspeaker mounted on the holder; a cushioning member that i) is elastic and ii) is mounted on an upper side of the loudspeaker; and a case that i) is in contact with the cushioning member and ii) houses the circuit board, the holder and the loudspeaker. Thus, the electronic control apparatus including the loudspeaker outputs sound at a high volume.

Abstract: An electrical leakage detection apparatus includes a microcomputer and a relay. The microcomputer is configured to perform an electrical leakage diagnosis to determine whether or not a direct-current leakage exists from a secondary battery that provides and receives electricity to/from an alternating-current power system that includes an electrical leakage detector that detects an alternating-current leakage of alternating-current power supplied from a utility power source. The relay disconnectably connects the secondary battery with the microcomputer.

Abstract: An electrical leakage detection apparatus includes a microcomputer and a relay. The microcomputer is configured to perform an electrical leakage diagnosis to determine whether or not a direct-current leakage exists from a secondary battery that provides and receives electricity to/from an alternating-current power system that includes an electrical leakage detector that detects an alternating-current leakage of alternating-current power supplied from a utility power source. The relay disconnectably connects the secondary battery with the microcomputer.

Abstract: A problem detection apparatus includes a relay, a measurement circuit and a controller. The relay is provided between a power supply and an external circuit, both of which are in a high voltage system. The relay is configured to switch an electrical connection state of the power supply to the external circuit between a closed state and an open state. The measurement circuit measures a voltage of a circuit in the high voltage system. The measurement circuit is in the high voltage system and connected between the relay and the external circuit. In a case where a command to switch the relay to the open state has been output, the controller detects, based on the voltage measured by the measurement circuit, whether or not the relay has a short circuit. The controller is in a low voltage system having a lower voltage than a voltage of the high voltage system.

Abstract: A sulfur-vulcanized rubber composition comprising magnesium oxide incorporated in a blend of a hydrogenated NBR and PVC in an amount of from 2 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the blend. A fuel system rubber hose comprising this rubber composition as an inner tube rubber.