Abstract: A base material for a hard sintered material has a multi-stage columnar shape having a central axis and extending in an axial direction of the central axis. The base material includes a smaller-diameter portion, a larger-diameter portion, a base material end surface located between a one end portion in the axial direction of an outer peripheral surface of the larger-diameter portion and the other end portion in the axial direction of the smaller-diameter portion, and facing toward the one end portion in the axial direction, and a first inclined portion disposed in at least a portion in a circumferential direction of an annular corner portion to which an outer peripheral surface of the larger-diameter portion and the base material end surface are connected. The first inclined portion is located inward in a radial direction toward the one end portion in the axial direction.

Abstract: A base material for a hard sintered body includes a pillar portion having a central axis and extending in the axial direction of the central axis. The pillar portion has a first outer peripheral portion, a second outer peripheral portion, and a protruding stripe portion. In the cross-sectional view, one side portion of the first outer peripheral portion extending in a circumferential direction or a radial direction is located inside the other side portion. In the cross-sectional view, one side portion of the second outer peripheral portion extending in the circumferential direction or the radial direction is located outside the other side portion in the radial direction. The protruding stripe portion is located in a connection portion between the other side portion of the first outer peripheral portion and one side portion of the second outer peripheral portion, and protrudes outward.

Abstract: An observation device includes: a holding board that holds an observation container accommodating a cornea for transplantation to be observed; a specular reflection optical system including an illumination optical system and an imaging optical system, which include a light source and an imaging unit, for observing the cornea for transplantation; and an auxiliary light source that illuminates the cornea for transplantation from the back and has an auxiliary illumination optical axis inclined with respect to an observation base axis that divides in half an intersecting angle of the illumination optical axis of the illumination optical system and an imaging optical axis of the imaging optical system, wherein the auxiliary light source is installed in a freely pivoting manner about a predetermined rotation axis so that a relative inclination angle with respect to the observation base axis of the auxiliary illumination optical axis can be continuously changed.

Abstract: An observation device includes: a holding board that holds an observation container accommodating a cornea for transplantation to be observed; a specular reflection optical system including an illumination optical system and an imaging optical system, which include a light source and an imaging unit, for observing the cornea for transplantation; and an auxiliary light source that illuminates the cornea for transplantation from the back and has an auxiliary illumination optical axis inclined with respect to an observation base axis that divides in half an intersecting angle of the illumination optical axis of the illumination optical system and an imaging optical axis of the imaging optical system, wherein the auxiliary light source is installed in a freely pivoting manner about a predetermined rotation axis so that a relative inclination angle with respect to the observation base axis of the auxiliary illumination optical axis can be continuously changed.

Abstract: A picture phone apparatus includes an image picking section which picks up a picture data; a display section; a substitution picture storage section which stores a substitution picture data; an image processing section and a communication processing section. The image processing section checks whether the picked-up picture data is valid or invalid, retrieves the substitution picture data from the substitution picture storage section to output as transmission picture data when it is determined that the picked-up picture data is invalid, sets the picked-up picture data as the transmission picture data when it is determined that the picked-up picture data is valid, and encodes the transmission picture data. The communication processing section multiplexes the encoded transmission picture data and transmission audio data into transmission data and transmits the transmission data to a counter station.

Abstract: A picture phone apparatus includes an image picking section which picks up a picture data; a display section; a substitution picture storage section which stores a substitution picture data; an image processing section and a communication processing section. The image processing section checks whether the picked-up picture data is valid or invalid, retrieves the substitution picture data from the substitution picture storage section to output as transmission picture data when it is determined that the picked-up picture data is invalid, sets the picked-up picture data as the transmission picture data when it is determined that the picked-up picture data is valid, and encodes the transmission picture data. The communication processing section multiplexes the encoded transmission picture data and transmission audio data into transmission data and transmits the transmission data to a counter station.

Abstract: A method for displaying a photographing point of a cornea which is used in an apparatus for obtaining video images of corneal cells.

Abstract: When a photo film package is inserted into a film holder body, a clip abuts against a slide lever to move the slide lever, whereby stopper pieces are projected into a passing area. When the photo film package is inserted into the final position, the clip is engaged with engageable pawls. At the time of photographing, a light shielding envelope is pulled out to expose a film F. During the operation of pulling out the light shielding envelope, a stopper tape abuts against the stopper pieces, a slide plate is slidably moved through the pulling force of the light shielding envelope, a control plate interlocking this movement is moved, and push vanes of the control plate push guide vanes, whereby the engageable pawls are retracted from the positions of being engaged with the clips. When the slide plate is moved, a push plate is raised to push a film unit toward a top lid.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining visual images of cornea cells, which allows magnified images of cornea cells to be easily obtained at required important sites of the cornea cells including a center site one by one by changing over the site, by leading the view axis of the subject and without requiring the decision of the operator in obtaining magnified images of cornea cells. Also, in order to allow a correct imaging site to be known, an imaging position mark is displayed at a correct position on the eyeball surface on the eye-front imaging screen of a TV camera. For illuminating through a slit an eyeball surface (2) and forming a magnified image of cornea cells of the subject part on an image-receiving surface (34) of a TV camera (35) via a magnification-imaging optical system based on the illumination light, a center view target and a plurality of view targets of required positions around the center view target are set by visible-light emitting diodes (27), (27.sub.

Abstract: A sheet film pack has a pack housing for receiving a plurality of sheet film units, a lid for closing an opening of the pack housing, a film recovery mouth for recovering exposed sheet films, and a cap for closing the film recovery mouth and holding the lid in the close position. A film pack holder holds the sheet film pack in a sliding tray which is slidable in a holder housing. A cover having an exposure aperture is hinged to the holder housing and pivotally opened for loading the sheet film pack. When the cover is closed, the cap is released from the lid and the pack housing, and the cap is held in the holder housing. By sliding the lid out of and then back into the holder housing, the topmost sheet film unit is positioned in the exposure aperture and pressed by the lid into proper position.

Abstract: A test apparatus for measuring concentration of test solution, in which a thin sheet having a plurality of through holes and diffusion-limiting membranes to cover corresponding through hole, is movably installed, and one or two openings for deposition and a concentration measuring section are disposed in a thin sheet moving direction.

Abstract: A disk-shaped thin plate or a long-sized thin plate having a roll appearance housed in a casing in which openings for penetration of test substance are formed and on which diffusion-limiting membranes are adhered to cover each openings. Also a driving mechanism for moving the thin plate is provided with the casing. The casing thus houses the thin plate and is provided with the driving mechanism and is positioned in a test apparatus body having a concentration measuring electrode therein. Multiple measurments of concentration of a test substance are carried out by moving the thin plate by the driving mechanism to position the diffusion-limiting membrane having the test solution deposited thereon to the position available to contact with the concentration measuring electrode, while keeping the casing placed in the test apparatus body. As a result, a plurality of measurements of concentration of the test substance is carried out easily.

Abstract: A camera having a superimposing device for superimposing data such as date of photograph taking on a film surface, includes a mechanism for projecting such data in a viewfinder. The superimposing device includes a first optical path for projecting a light image of the object onto an eye-piece of the viewfinder, a second optical path for projecting a light image of the data onto the eye-piece at one predetermined portion thereof and means for forming background for the data projected in the eye-piece.

Abstract: A superimposing device includes a first optical path for projecting an image of an object to be photographed on a film surface, a second optical path for projecting data on the film surface at one portion thereof, and a blocking member for blocking the first optical path for forming a shaded portion at the one portion of the film during the exposure of the object image on the film, so that the data are clearly and definitely imprinted on the one portion.

Abstract: A camera which permits film units to be initially stored as a plurality of first sheets and an equal number of second sheets. In taking a photograph, a first sheet is exposed and then transferred into correctly aligned contact with a corresponding second sheet, which may constitute a subsequently sealable folder or envelope for containment of the first sheet, or a cover which is bondable to the first sheet. This transfer of a first sheet is effected entirely independently in the camera, or by a camera mechanism acting on a draw mechanism attached firmly but not fixedly to the first sheet, in this latter case the draw mechanism being detached from the first sheet immediately subsequent to transfer thereof into association with the second sheet.