Abstract: Provided is an ionization apparatus including: a holder configured to hold a sample; a probe configured to determine a part to be ionized of the sample held by the holder; an extract electrode configured to extract ionized ions of the sample; a liquid supply unit configured to supply liquid to a part of a region of the sample; and a unit configured to apply a first voltage between the probe and the extract electrode, in which the first voltage is pulse-modulated.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric transformation portion and a micro lens, the micro lens has a first refractive index layer which is a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer which is a second refractive index different from the first refractive index, wherein the micro lens is configured so that a vertical cross section, which is a surface perpendicular to the capturing surface, has a rectangular shape, wherein each of the first refractive index layer and the second refractive index layer are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction along the capturing surface, and an interface between the first refractive index layer and the second refractive index layer in the vertical cross section is formed so as to follow a direction perpendicular to the capturing surface.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a light sensing portion which is formed on a substrate and generates a signal electric charge according to incident light; a rectangular or gradient-index on-chip micro lens formed on a light incident side above the light sensing portion; and a planarized lens layer which covers the on-chip micro lens and is formed in such a manner that a light incident surface is planarized.

Abstract: Provided is an ionization apparatus including: a holder configured to hold a sample; a probe configured to determine a part to be ionized of the sample held by the holder; an extract electrode configured to extract ionized ions of the sample; a liquid supply unit configured to supply liquid to a part of a region of the sample; and a unit configured to apply a first voltage between the probe and the extract electrode, in which the first voltage is pulse-modulated.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry apparatus includes a holding table that holds a specimen to be ionized, a probe that identifies a portion of the specimen to be ionized, an ion extraction electrode that extracts ions obtained by ionizing the specimen, a liquid supplying unit that supplies liquid to between the specimen and the probe to form a liquid bridge between the specimen and the probe, a vibrating unit that vibrates one of the probe and the holding table, an electric field generating unit that generates an electric field between the probe and the ion extraction electrode, a mass spectrometry unit that mass analyzes ions extracted by the ion extraction electrode, and a synchronization unit configured to synchronize a time at which ions are generated from the portion with a time at which the mass spectrometry unit measures the ions.

Abstract: Provided is an ionization apparatus including: a holder configured to hold a sample; a probe configured to determine a part to be ionized of the sample held by the holder; an extract electrode configured to extract ionized ions of the sample; a liquid supply unit configured to supply liquid to a part of a region of the sample; and a unit configured to apply a first voltage between the probe and the extract electrode, in which the first voltage is pulse-modulated.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a light blocking layer formed in an active pixel region of a pixel region on a light incident side so as to surround a photoelectric conversion unit of each pixel and formed in an extending manner to an optical black region, a concave portion formed so as to be surrounded by the light blocking layer in a region corresponding to the photoelectric conversion unit, a first refractive index layer formed on surfaces of the light blocking layer and the concave portion and having a relatively low refractive index, a second refractive index layer formed on the first refractive index layer so as to be buried in the concave portion and having a relatively high refractive index, and an anti-flare layer formed on the first refractive index layer in the optical black region.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a first light source unit configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength, and a scanning unit configured to move an irradiation position of the first light with respect to a specimen, so as to scan the specimen with the first light. The first light source unit includes a wavelength changing unit configured to change the first wavelength. Movement of the irradiation position is performed by the scanning unit while the wavelength changing unit is changing the first wavelength. A changing cycle of the first wavelength by the wavelength changing unit is shorter than a position moving cycle by the scanning unit.

Abstract: An optical measurement device includes a light source unit including a first laser light source configured to emit a laser beam having a first wavelength and a second laser light source configured to emit a laser beam having a second wavelength, a measurement wave number setting unit, and a light source adjustment unit configured to adjust at least one of the first wavelength and the second wavelength such that a difference between or a sum of a first wave number corresponding to the first wavelength and a second wave number corresponding to the second wavelength matches a measurement wave number set through the measurement wave number setting unit.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: multiple micro lenses, which are disposed in each of a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, focus the incident light into the light-receiving surface; with the multiple micro lenses of which the planar shape is a shape including a portion divided by a side extending in the first direction and a side extending in the second direction being disposed arrayed mutually adjacent to each of the first direction and the second direction; and with the multiple micro lenses being formed so that the depth of a groove between micro lenses arrayed in a third direction is deeper than the depth of a groove between micro lenses arrayed in the first direction, and also the curvature of the lens surface in the third direction is higher than the curvature of the lens surface in the first direction.

Abstract: An ionization device includes a support configured to support a sample, a probe configured to determine a portion of the sample to be ionized, an irradiation unit configured to emit laser light and is disposed to irradiate with the laser light a liquid bridge portion between the sample and the probe, an extract electrode configured to extract ions obtained by ionizing the sample, a liquid supply unit configured to supply a liquid to a region of the sample, and voltage application units configured to generate an electric field between a portion of the probe that is in contact with the liquid bridge portion and the extract electrode.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: multiple micro lenses, which are disposed in each of a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, focus the incident light into the light-receiving surface; with the multiple micro lenses of which the planar shape is a shape including a portion divided by a side extending in the first direction and a side extending in the second direction being disposed arrayed mutually adjacent to each of the first direction and the second direction; and with the multiple micro lenses being formed so that the depth of a groove between micro lenses arrayed in a third direction is deeper than the depth of a groove between micro lenses arrayed in the first direction, and also the curvature of the lens surface in the third direction is higher than the curvature of the lens surface in the first direction.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric transformation portion and a micro lens, the micro lens has a first refractive index layer which is a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer which is a second refractive index different from the first refractive index, wherein the micro lens is configured so that a vertical cross section, which is a surface perpendicular to the capturing surface, has a rectangular shape, wherein each of the first refractive index layer and the second refractive index layer are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction along the capturing surface, and an interface between the first refractive index layer and the second refractive index layer in the vertical cross section is formed so as to follow a direction perpendicular to the capturing surface.

Abstract: An ionization device includes a support configured to support a sample, a probe configured to determine a portion of the sample to be ionized, an irradiation unit configured to emit laser light and is disposed to irradiate with the laser light a liquid bridge portion between the sample and the probe, an extract electrode configured to extract ions obtained by ionizing the sample, a liquid supply unit configured to supply a liquid to a region of the sample, and voltage application units configured to generate an electric field between a portion of the probe that is in contact with the liquid bridge portion and the extract electrode.

Abstract: A sample and a reagent are disposed separately. The reagent is taken into a liquid at a leading end of a needle, and a voltage is applied thereto to turn the liquid into fine liquid droplets. The sample is irradiated with laser light to cause the sample to be emitted into a space in the form of fine particles. The fine liquid droplets and the fine particles are brought into contact in the space to obtain ionized fine particles.

Abstract: An ionization device includes a laser light irradiation unit, a liquid holding unit having an end portion thereof and being configured to hold a liquid on an outer periphery of the end portion, an extract electrode, and a voltage application unit. The device is configured to operate in at least in two operation modes, and the modes include a first operation mode, in which the liquid at the end portion is brought into contact with the surface of the sample and then ionized particles are generated from the end portion, and a second operation mode, in which the liquid at the end portion is disposed at a location separated from the surface of the sample and the particles desorbed from the surface of the sample as a result of being irradiated with the laser light are ionized using the liquid on the end portion.

Abstract: An ionization device includes: a holding portion configured to hold a sample; a probe configured to arrange a liquid on a surface of the sample to form a liquid bridge between the probe and the sample; an electrode configured to form, at the probe, a Taylor cone for ionizing a substance contained in the sample, and to release the ionized substance from the Taylor cone; a voltage applying unit configured to apply a voltage to the electrode; and a light source configured to emit laser light that irradiates the Taylor cone. A mass spectrometer including the ionization device, and an image display system including the mass spectrometer are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ionization device includes an irradiation unit to irradiate at least a region of a surface of a sample with laser light to scatter particles contained on the surface of the sample, a liquid holding unit having a distal end to hold a liquid on an outer periphery of the distal end, an extract electrode to extract ionized ions, and a voltage application unit to apply a voltage between the liquid holding unit and the extract electrode to generate the ions from the liquid held on the outer periphery of the distal end. The region and the distal end are disposed so as not to make contact with each other but to be in close proximity to each other so that the liquid held on the outer periphery of the distal end attracts particles desorbed from the sample as a result of irradiation with the laser light.

Abstract: To achieve soft ionization more easily when a slight amount of substance is ionized under an atmosphere pressure. An ionization method for a substance contained in a liquid, including: supplying the liquid to a substrate from a probe and forming a liquid bridge made of the liquid containing the substance dissolved therein, between the probe and the substrate; oscillating the probe; and generating an electric field between an electrically conductive portion of the probe in contact with the liquid and an ion extraction electrode.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to achieve soft ionization more easily when a slight amount of substance is ionized under an atmosphere pressure. The present invention provides an ionization method for a substance contained in a liquid, including: supplying the liquid to a substrate from a probe and forming a liquid bridge made of the liquid containing the substance dissolved therein, between the probe and the substrate; oscillating the substrate; and generating an electric field between an electrically conductive portion of the probe in contact with the liquid and an ion extraction electrode.