Abstract: An ink-jet recording apparatus records an image onto a recording medium by flying an ink-droplet from an ink surface by a pressure of an ultrasonic beam. The apparatus including an ultrasonic generating element array having a plurality of ultrasonic elements arranged in an array for emitting ultrasonic beams, a driving device for applying a plurality of pulses having different phases from each other, and a converging device for converging the ultrasonic beams by interfering the ultrasonic beams with each other. The generating elements are simultaneously driven and sequentially shifted in an array direction, and the converging device converging the ultrasonic beams in a direction perpendicular to the array direction.

Abstract: A magnetic substance represented by the following general formula (I):AMz (I)where A is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb, M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Cu, and z is 0.001 to 9.0. This magnetic substance has its maximal of specific heat, due to magnetocaloric effect, at extremely low temperatures, the maximal value of specific heat being great. It also has a great lattice specific heat. A regenerator filled with the magnetic substance exhibits an excellent heat regeneration efficiency at extremely low temperature.

Abstract: A chopper-type switching power-supply circuit having a DC high-potential input terminal, a DC low-potential input terminal, a DC high-potential output terminal, and a DC low-potential output terminal. The power-supply circuit has one terminal of an inductor connected to the DC high-potential input terminal and a capacitor connected to other terminal of the inductor. The output circuit contains the DC high-potential output terminal and the DC low-potential output terminal. A first input terminal is coupled to the other end of the capacitor and a second input terminal coupled to the DC low-potential input terminal. An N-channel MOSFET has a drain electrode connected to the other terminal of the inductor and a source electrode connected to the high-potential output terminal.

Abstract: A micro power supply device using a switching element includes a lateral MOSFET, an inductor, a rectifier and a controller. The lateral MOSFET PWM-switches the output voltage of the direct-current power supply at a low loss. The rectifier rectifies the output voltage of the direct-current power supply PWM-switched by the lateral MOSFET. The inductor is provided between the direct-current power supply and the lateral MOSFET. The controller supplies a PWM control signal to the gate electrode of the lateral MOSFET in response to the output voltage of the rectifier.

Abstract: The regenerating material according to the present invention comprises two alloy phases which differ in a content of rare earth elements. Of these alloy phases, a dominant phase in the regenerating material is defined as a main phase, and the other phase is defined as a sub-phase. A plurality of particles, each of which consists of a granular main phase and a sub-phase present on the surface of the main phase, gathers to form an aggregate. Otherwise, a sub-phase present in a main phase in the form of fiber. The refrigerator according to the present invention comprises a regenerator charged with above-mentioned regenerating material, a coolant gas and an expansion means for expanding the coolant gas.

Abstract: The extremely low temperature cold accumulating material for use in refrigerators, for example, comprises particles containing at least one kind of rare earth element selected from a group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb. The proportion of particles each having a particle size of 0.01 to 3 mm is 70% or greater by weight with respect to the whole particles and the proportion of particles each having a shape such that the ratio of the major diameter to the minor diameter is not greater than 5 is 70% or greater by weight with respect to the whole particles. The particles are manufactured by quenching and solidifying a molten metal containing at least one kind of rear earth element described above. The thus manufacured extremely low temperature cold accumulating material is improved in cold accumulating efficiency and is specifically improved in mechanical strength and in chemical stability.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator includes a first refrigerant filled in a final refrigerating force storage chamber on a high temperature side thereof and consisting essentially of a composition expressed by (a) (Er.sub.(x) R.sub.(1-x)).sub.3 Ni.sub.(y) Co.sub.(1-y), or (b) Er.sub.(x) R.sub.(1-x) Ni.sub.(y) Cu.sub.(1-y) wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, and R denotes a rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb and Sc, a second refrigerant filled in the final refrigerating force storage chamber on a low temperature side thereof and consisting essentially of a composition expressed by (f) Er.sub.(x) R.sub.(1-x) Ni.sub.(y) Co.sub.(1-y), or (g) (Er.sub.(x) R.sub.(1-x)).sub.3 AlC.sub.(y) wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.

Abstract: Disclosed is a regenerator loaded with a relatively cheap heat regenerative material which exhibits excellent specific heat, heat transfer capability and recuperativeness under cryogenic temperatures lower than, for example, the liquid nitrogen temperature. The regenerator is filled with a heat regenerative material comprising at least one R-M system compound, where R is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, HO, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a regenerative material having a peak specific heat at a low temperature. The material is made of a solid solution of at least two different magnetic type metal compounds, for example, ferromagnetic Er.sub.3 Co and antiferromagnetic Er.sub.3 Ni. From these compounds, the regenerative material Er.sub.3 (Ni,Co) in solid-solution form is produced and the material has a lower magnetic phase transition point than each of the compounds. The regenerative material is utilized for a regenerator of a refrigerator.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator comprising a closed cylinder provided with an inlet and an outlet for introducing and discharging a coolant gas into and out of the cylinder, a displacer slidably housed in the closed cylinder and housing a cooling member therein and having a passage through which the coolant gas flows, a device coaxially arranged in and along the passage of the displacer in which the cooling member is housed to divide the passage into outer and inner ones, a device for reciprocating the displacer in the cylinder, and a device for repeating the process of introducing the high pressure coolant gas into the cylinder through the inlet and discharging it out of the cylinder, synchronizing with the reciprocating displacer.

Abstract: A super-magnetostrictive alloy has a high coefficient of magnetostriction and satisfactory toughness. The first type of the super-magnetostrictive alloy has a composition whose atomic ratio is expressed by (Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x (Fe.sub.1-y Mn.sub.y).sub.z, where 0.35.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.9, 0.001.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.6, and 1.4.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.1. The second type of the super-magnetostrictive alloy has a composition whose atomic ratio is expressed by (Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x (Fe.sub.1-y-w Mn.sub.y T.sub.w).sub.z, where 0.2.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.9, 0.05.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.4, 0.05.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.1, and 1.4.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.1, and where T is at least one of Co and Ni. The super-magnetostrictive alloys of both types have a Laves-type intermetallic compound phase as a main phase, and a rare earth metal phase is located between the portions having the main phase.

Abstract: A magnetic memory and a magnetic alloy thereof are disclosed, which comprise a magnetic alloy whose main phase is an iso-molar compound phase, the iso-molar compound phase being represented with general expression Pt(Fe.sub.1-x Mn.sub.x)Sn where the relationship of 0<x<1 is satisfied, wherein the magnetic memory records information by changing a magnetic property of the magnetic alloy.

Abstract: The extremely low temperature cold accumulating material for use in refrigerators, for example, comprises particles containing at least one kind of rare earth element selected from a group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb. The proportion of particles each having a particle size of 0.01 to 3 mm is 70% or greater by weight with respect to the whole particles and the proportion of particles each having a shape such that the ratio of the major diameter to the minor diameter is not greater than 5 is 70% or greater by weight with respect to the whole particles. The particles are manufactured by quenching and solidifying a molten metal containing at least one kind of rare earth element described above. The thus manufactured extremely low temperature cold accumulating material is improved in cold accumulating efficiency and is specifically improved in mechanical strength and in chemical stability.

Abstract: A super-magnetostrictive alloy has a high coefficient of magnetostriction and satisfactory toughness. The first type of the super-magnetostrictive alloy has a composition whose atomic ratio is expressed by (Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x (Fe.sub.1-y Mn.sub.y).sub.z, where 0.35.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.9, 0.001.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.6, and 1.4.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.1. The second type of the supermagnetostrictive alloy has a composition whose atomic ratio is expressed by (Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x (Fe.sub.1-y-w Mn.sub.y T.sub.w).sub.z, where 0.2.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.9, 0.05.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.4, 0.05.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.1, and 1.4.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.1, and where T is at least one of Co and Ni. The super-magnetostrictive alloys of both types have a Laves-type intermetallic compound phase as a main phase, and a rare earth metal phase is located between the portions having the main phase.

Abstract: A torque detecting apparatus utilizing a magneto-elastic effect including a magnetic metal thin strip fixed on the circumferential surface of a torque transmitting shaft as an object of torque detection, an induced magnetic anisotropy given in advance to the magnetic metal thin strip, the induced magnetic anisotropy appearing in a direction of a principal stress produced in the magnetic metal thin strip when a torque is imposed on the torque transmitting shaft, a shape magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic metal thin strip caused by a shape of the magnetic metal thin strip, the shape magnetic anisotropy appearing in a direction forming an angle of 45.degree. with the direction of the principal stress, and detection means for detecting a change in magnetic anisotropy produced in the magnetic metal thin strip by a torque imposed on the torque transmitting shaft.