Abstract: In a PC, image data, position data indicating the position of the image data, and addition data associated with the image data are created. Further, the PC requests a background management unit to send a background pattern used to specify paper and a position on the paper, and prints the background pattern together with the image data. Further, the PC registers the background pattern, the addition data, and the position data in an information server in association with each other. When the user points to an image on the paper provided as the result of printing with a handwrite input pen, the background pattern and the pointing position are detected on the paper, and the addition data corresponding to the paper and the position is output.

Abstract: When an user inserts already used paper into a shredder of PC, a scanner disposed with the shredder reads a background pattern put on the paper. The shredder shreds and discards the inserted paper. The PC transmits the background pattern put on the discard paper to a background management unit and further notifies a background management unit that the paper is discarded. The background management unit places the background pattern sent from the PC in an unused state and manages the background pattern so that the background pattern can be reused.

Abstract: When an user inserts already used paper into a shredder of PC, a scanner disposed with the shredder reads a background pattern put on the paper. The shredder shreds and discards the inserted paper. The PC transmits the background pattern put on the discard paper to a background management unit and further notifies a background management unit that the paper is discarded. The background management unit places the background pattern sent from the PC in an unused state and manages the background pattern so that the background pattern can be reused.

Abstract: In a PC, image data, position data indicating the position of the image data, and addition data associated with the image data are created. Further, the PC requests a background management unit to send a background pattern used to specify paper and a position on the paper, and prints the background pattern together with the image data. Further, the PC registers the background pattern, the addition data, and the position data in an information server in association with each other. When the user points to an image on the paper provided as the result of printing with a handwrite input pen, the background pattern and the pointing position are detected on the paper, and the addition data corresponding to the paper and the position is output.

Abstract: By using a metal thin film comprising a layer of metal and a layer obtained by adding nitrogen atoms to metal for a metal thin film which becomes a gate electrode and the like, and for a metal thin film which becomes a source electrode and a drain electrode, there is prepared electro-optic elements free from display defects caused by high contact resistance at connected portion of the pixel electrode with the above electrodes even when a low resistance line material is used.

Abstract: By using a metal thin film comprising a layer of metal and a layer obtained by adding nitrogen atoms to metal for a metal thin film which becomes a gate electrode and the like, and for a metal thin film which becomes a source electrode and a drain electrode, there is prepared electro-optic elements free from display defects caused by high contact resistance at connected portion of the pixel electrode with the above electrodes even when a low resistance line material is used.

Abstract: A self-traveling machine incorporating a plurality of drive mechanisms each comprising a combination of a crawler unit having an endless belt and a road wheel. The drive mechanisms makes it possible for the machine to travel on and along a stairway and a rough surface ground by actuating the endless belt, for the machine body to be raised from the ground surface by angularly moving the crawler unit into a vertical position with a free end thereof directed onto the ground, and for the machine to stride over an obstacle on the ground by turning the crawler unit thereover from one side to the other side of the obstacle. The machine also includes a steering mechanism for changing the direction of said combination, with the result that the machine is easily steered to change the direction with reduced friction against the ground surface when the crawler unit is being orientated vertically upwardly.