Abstract: A master cylinder includes a cylinder body, primary cups supported on the inner periphery of the cylinder body, and a primary piston and a secondary piston inserted in the cylinder body so as to be in sliding contact with the respective primary cups. The cylinder body is integrally formed with annular walls behind the respective primary cups. The annular walls have a greater inner diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder body to define annular passages between the annular walls and the respective pistons. Connecting passages having a greater radial dimension than the annular passage are defined between the inner periphery of the cylinder body and the respective pistons behind the respective annular walls so as to communicate with a reservoir. While the master cylinder is not actuated, piston ports formed in the respective pistons communicate with the reservoir through the respective annular passages and connecting passages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vacuum booster, which is constructed such that an area with which a cylinder communicates with a port communicating with a reservoir and being open to the cylinder is reduced at high temperature, so that a sufficient reaction force can be transmitted from a piston of a master cylinder to a valve mechanism at an initial stage of the braking operation, thus preventing vibration or noise from being generated in the valve mechanism. At high temperature, stop position, at which backward movement of the piston of the master cylinder is limited by an output member while a valve piston is at a non-operating position, is shifted forwards by a stop position shifting means, thus reducing the area with which the cylinder communicates with the port communicating with the reservoir and being open to the cylinder.

Abstract: A valve piston 8 of a vacuum type booster device is provided with a bypass passage 51 which is defined between a sound-absorbing member 27 and an input rod 23 to communicate directly with the atmosphere and a sliding-type plate valve 52 composed of three plate valve parts 53, 54 55 which are arranged around the input rod 23 to be relatively slidable in radial directions. When the input rod 23 is advanced beyond a predetermined distance relative to the valve piston 8, the sliding-type plate valve 52 is separated between two of the plate valve parts 53, 54, 55 to make the bypass passage 51 communicate with the inside of the valve piston 8.

Abstract: In a negative pressure type booster device, secondary passages 53 communicating directly with the atmosphere is formed between the internal surface of a sliding cylindrical portion 8b of a valve piston 8 and the external surface of a silencer 27, and communication means 60 is provided for being controlled to vary its path area in dependence on the advance amount of an input rod 23 when the same is moved beyond a predetermined distance relative to the valve piston 8. Thus, when a brake pedal 25 is stepped on strongly, the atmospheric air can be led from the secondary passages 53 through the communication means 60 to a variable pressure chamber 6, so that the property of the responsiveness in braking operation can be improved to a responsiveness enhancing property which varies in dependence on the manner of stepping the brake pedal 25.

Abstract: A brake hydraulic pressure generator is proposed which is simple in structure and can suppress fluctuations in the brake pedal operating amount due to fluctuations in the amount of brake fluid consumed in the brake circuit. The brake hydraulic pressure generator includes an input shaft operated by a brake pedal, a stroke simulator for imparting a stroke and a reaction force corresponding to the brake pedal operating amount to the input shaft, a master cylinder for generating brake hydraulic pressure, and a pressure detector member for applying a reaction force corresponding to the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder to a valve member of the control valve. The reaction force is transmitted through the pressure detector member to the control member. The input to the brake pedal is transmitted to the control valve through the stroke simulator so as to oppose the reaction force. The control valve operates to balance the reaction force and the input.

Abstract: A negative pressure type booster includes a power piston, a slide valve, and a holding mechanism, among others, and assists a driver during emergency braking. The holding mechanism is adapted to hold the slide valve at a predetermined frontward position, and includes a latch member that is mounted to the power piston in such a manner as to be linearly movable in a radial direction, and a garter spring for biasing the latch member radially inward. The latch member has a hook that can be engaged with and disengaged from a hook provided on the slide valve. When a plunger moves frontward relative to the power piston by a quantity greater than a predetermined value, a push slope provided on the plunger pushes a passive slope provided on the latch member radially outward, whereby the hook of the latch member is disengaged from the hook of the slide valve.

Abstract: In a negative pressure type booster, an atmospheric valve seat is formed on an annular disk of an input member, which disk extends radially outward. The annular disk and an annular diaphragm located frontward of the annular disk and mounted to the input member define an annular atmospheric chamber. The atmospheric chamber communicates with the atmosphere via an air hole formed in the annular disk. The diaphragm is supported from the front by a power piston. The diaphragm is a flexible member. Inner and outer circumferential portions of the flexible member are formed into respective rolling portions for allowing frontward/rearward movement of the input member by means of curviform deformation. An atmospheric control valve portion, which is seated on and separated from the atmospheric valve seat, and a vacuum control valve portion, which is seated on and separated from a vacuum valve seat formed on the power piston, are axially separated.

Abstract: A master cylinder includes a cylinder body, primary cups supported on the inner periphery of the cylinder body, and a primary piston and a secondary piston inserted in the cylinder body so as to be in sliding contact with the respective primary cups. The cylinder body is integrally formed with annular walls behind the respective primary cups. The annular walls have a greater inner diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder body to define annular passages between the annular walls and the respective pistons. Connecting passages having a greater radial dimension than the annular passage are defined between the inner periphery of the cylinder body and the respective pistons behind the respective annular walls so as to communicate with a reservoir. While the master cylinder is not actuated, piston ports formed in the respective pistons communicate with the reservoir through the respective annular passages and connecting passages.

Abstract: In a negative pressure type booster, an atmospheric valve seat is formed on an annular disk of an input member, which disk extends radially outward. The annular disk and an annular diaphragm located frontward of the annular disk and mounted to the input member define an annular atmospheric chamber. The atmospheric chamber communicates with the atmosphere via an air hole formed in the annular disk. The diaphragm is supported from the front by a power piston. The diaphragm is a flexible member. Inner and outer circumferential portions of the flexible member are formed into respective rolling portions for allowing frontward/rearward movement of the input member by means of curviform deformation. An atmospheric control valve portion, which is seated on and separated from the atmospheric valve seat, and a vacuum control valve portion, which is seated on and separated from a vacuum valve seat formed on the power piston, are axially separated.

Abstract: A negative pressure type booster includes a power piston, a slide valve, and a holding mechanism, among others, and assists a driver during emergency braking. The holding mechanism is adapted to hold the slide valve at a predetermined frontward position, and includes a latch member that is mounted to the power piston in such a manner as to be linearly movable in a radial direction, and a garter spring for biasing the latch member radially inward. The latch member has a hook that can be engaged with and disengaged from a hook provided on the slide valve. When a plunger moves frontward relative to the power piston by a quantity greater than a predetermined value, a push slope provided on the plunger pushes a passive slope provided on the latch member radially outward, whereby the hook of the latch member is disengaged from the hook of the slide valve.

Abstract: A brake booster device for use in a brake system of vehicles is provided with a partition member dividing the interior of the booster shell into front and rear chambers and a piston movable bodily with the partition member within the booster shell. A control valve body is carried on the piston to move toward and away from the rear surface of the piston through a predetermined amount. An air valve member is received within the piston for relative movement thereto and is urged by a compression spring to be moved rearwardly. When the brake pedal is stepped on, the air valve member is forwardly moved by an input rod relative to the piston, whereby the control valve member leads the atmospheric pressure to the rear chamber thereby to move the partition member and the piston forwardly from a home position.

Abstract: A plastic as a material to be treated and an additive such as unsaturated fatty acid oil are mixed, and the mixture is heated in a pyrolysis tank at a temperature of 300° C. to 450° C. by a heating member to thereby thermally decompose the mixture. A gas component produced during the heating process is then removed and a pyrolysate is thus produced.

Abstract: A brake hydraulic pressure generator is proposed which is simple in structure and can suppress fluctuations in the brake pedal operating amount due to fluctuations in the amount of brake fluid consumed in the brake circuit. The brake hydraulic pressure generator includes an input shaft operated by a brake pedal, a stroke simulator for imparting a stroke and a reaction force corresponding to the brake pedal operating amount to the input shaft, a master cylinder for generating brake hydraulic pressure, and a pressure detector member for applying a reaction force corresponding to the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder to a valve member of the control valve. The reaction force is transmitted through the pressure detector member to the control member. The input to the brake pedal is transmitted to the control valve through the stroke simulator so as to oppose the reaction force. The control valve operates to balance the reaction force and the input.

Abstract: A plastic as a material to be treated and an additive such as unsaturated fatty acid oil are mixed, and the mixture is heated in a pyrolysis tank at a temperature of 300° C. to 450° C. by a heating member to thereby thermally decompose the mixture. A gas component produced during the heating process is then removed and a pyrolysate is thus produced.

Abstract: A brake booster device for use in a brake system of vehicles is provided with a partition member dividing the interior of the booster shell into front and rear chambers and a piston movable bodily with the partition member within the booster shell. A control valve body is carried on the piston to move toward and away from the rear surface of the piston through a predetermined amount. An air valve member is received within the piston for relative movement thereto and is urged by a compression spring to be moved rearwardly. When the brake pedal is stepped on, the air valve member is forwardly moved by an input rod relative to the piston, whereby the control valve member leads the atmospheric pressure to the rear chamber thereby to move the partition member and the piston forwardly from a home position.

Abstract: One kind of element belonging to I group or II group and one kind of binary compound including one kind of element belonging to III group and one kind of element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, Te and O are evaporated respectively by means of a vacuum vapor deposition method or molecular beam epitaxial method to produce a ternary compound semiconductor material having a low vapor pressure, and the thus produced ternary compound semiconductor material is deposited on a substrate to form a ternary compound semiconductor thin film. Particularly, when a phosphor thin film for electroluminescence emitting blue light is to be grown, an element Sr and a binary compound Ga.sub.2 S.sub.3 are respectively evaporated by the vacuum evaporation method or molecular beam epitaxial method to deposit a ternary compound semiconductor material SrGa.sub.2 S.sub.