Abstract: A bag-closing device is disclosed which is capable of using general-purpose bags and which keeps the loss of capacity to the necessary minimum, and a shredder is provided which, even when shredded pieces of trash are stored in a bag, does not cause scattering of the shredded pieces of trash when closing the bag. The bag-closing device comprises one pair of horizontally facing winding shafts having tip parts for detachably holding a bag, which is open so as to allow objects to be put inside, at two facing opening edge parts from the outside of the bag, whereby the entire opening edge of the bag containing objects put therein is formed into a single horizontal roll-like shape by driving the one pair of winding shafts to rotate.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a high quality smectic aerogel which is not brittle and a method for producing the smectic aerogel by using a host material comprising a mixture of a smectic liquid crystal and a UV-curable material or a host material comprising a smectic UV-curable material and by selecting an appropriate host material. A smectic aerogel comprising 4-nonyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl (9BC) and air bubbles can be produced, wherein hexagonal or pentagonal air cells are separated from each other by a smectic layer comprising a smectic liquid crystal. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries of the air cells is about 24 ?m, which corresponds to about 6000 smectic layers. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries can be varied. Particularly, the thickness can be reduced to as thin as several smectic layers.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a high quality smectic aerogel which is not brittle and a method for producing the smectic aerogel by using a host material comprising a mixture of a smectic liquid crystal and a UV-curable material or a host material comprising a smectic UV-curable material and by selecting an appropriate host material. A smectic aerogel comprising 4-nonyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl (9BC) and air bubbles can be produced, wherein hexagonal or pentagonal air cells are separated from each other by a smectic layer comprising a smectic liquid crystal. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries of the air cells is about 24 ?m, which corresponds to about 6000 smectic layers. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries can be varied. Particularly, the thickness can be reduced to as thin as several smectic layers.

Abstract: A CATV tuner includes a metallic housing having first through fourth partitioned chambers. In the first through fourth partitioned chambers, a data circuit, an input filter circuit, a first mixer circuit, a first local oscillation circuit, a first intermediate frequency circuit, and other elements are housed. In the fifth partitioned chamber, a second intermediate circuit and an IC including a second local oscillation circuit are housed. With this configuration, the CATV tuner defines an up/down tuner. The third partitioned chamber in which the first local oscillation circuit is housed and the fifth partitioned chamber in which the second local oscillation circuit is housed are located adjacent to each other. Lines and terminals are used both for a first PLL circuit and a second PLL circuit.

Abstract: A tuner includes an input terminal, first to fourth band-pass filters, an automatic gain controller, first to third amplifiers, first and second mixers, first and second voltage controlled oscillators, first and second PLL ICs, a reference oscillator circuit, and an output terminal. The second PLL IC and the reference oscillator circuit are connected through a capacitor and an amplifier. An amplifier for reference oscillation, included in the first PLL IC is connected to the reference oscillator circuit through an inductor that defines an inductance device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drilling a hole through a printed circuit board is described using a laser beam such that the diameter of the top portion and the bottom portion of the hole are substantially equal. The laser beam is irradiated perpendicularly to a printed circuit board to drill a tapered hole having a top portion and a bottom portion wherein the diameter of the bottom portion is smaller than that of the top portion. Further, the laser beam 10 is irradiated to the tapered hole obliquely relative to the board 12 to equalize the diameters of the top and bottom portions to each other. By irradiating the laser beam 10 obliquely, a straight hole 14 can be formed.

Abstract: A CATV tuner includes a metallic housing having first through fourth partitioned chambers. In the first through fourth partitioned chambers, a data circuit, an input filter circuit, a first mixer circuit, a first local oscillation circuit, a first intermediate frequency circuit, and other elements are housed. In the fifth partitioned chamber, a second intermediate circuit and an IC including a second local oscillation circuit are housed. With this configuration, the CATV tuner defines an up/down tuner. The third partitioned chamber in which the first local oscillation circuit is housed and the fifth partitioned chamber in which the second local oscillation circuit is housed are located adjacent to each other. Lines and terminals are used both for a first PLL circuit and a second PLL circuit.

Abstract: A tuner includes an input terminal, first to fourth band-pass filters, an automatic gain controller, first to third amplifiers, first and second mixers, first and second voltage controlled oscillators, first and second PLL ICs, a reference oscillator circuit, and an output terminal. The second PLL IC and the reference oscillator circuit are connected through a capacitor and an amplifier. An amplifier for reference oscillation, included in the first PLL IC is connected to the reference oscillator circuit through an inductor that defines an inductance device.

Abstract: An electronic component is mounted on one major surface of a dual side wiring substrate. A terminal is press-fitted into a mounting hole in the dual side wiring substrate from the one major surface side to be temporarily fixed in the substrate, and an electronic component is mounted on the other major surface of the dual side wiring substrate after soldering paste is applied. A frame having a plurality of bent pieces extending inwardly is mounted onto the dual face wiring substrate from a position above the substrate so that the bent pieces abut against the pattern of the dual side wiring substrate. The terminal press-fitted from the one major surface side, the electronic component mounted on the other major surface, and the frame are soldered simultaneously by a reflow method.

Abstract: An electronic package assembly wherein lead wires serve to connect conductors on a first substrate (e.g., ceramic) having a semiconductor device (e.g., IC chip) coupled to the conductors and positioned on the substrate, to respective conductors on a second substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board). The lead wires are secured to three different surfaces (e.g., top, side and bottom) of the first substrate, and include curved projection portions for being directly connected to the second substrate conductors.

Abstract: An electronic package assembly wherein lead wires serve to connect conductors on a first substrate (e.g., ceramic) having a semiconductor device (e.g., IC chip) coupled to the conductors and positioned on the substrate, to respective conductors on a second substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board). The lead wires are secured to three different surfaces (e.g., top, side and bottom) of the first substrate, and include curved projection portions for being directly connected to the second substrate conductors.

Abstract: A feedthrough capacitor arrangement which comprises a frame having a first recess, printed circuit boards disposed in the vicinity of the frame, a feedthrough capacitor having an outer electrode and a central electrode placed in the first recess and a shield member for pressing the feedthrough capacitor placed in the first recess thereby to hold the feedthrough capacitor in association with the frame. In this arrangement, the outer electrode of the feedthrough capacitor is soldered to the frame and to the shield member while the central electrode is soldered to conductor patterns on the printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A television tuner comprises a rotary switching shaft, switching plates associated with the rotary switching shaft, and an input tuning portion, an interstage tuning portion and a frequency converting portion coupled to the switching plates and adapted for channel selection by means of the rotary switching shaft. An additional plate is provided between one switching plate associated with the interstage tuning portion and another switching plate associated with the frequency converting portion. The additional plate is provided with a surface acoustic wave device performing the function of a video intermediate frequency filter and with an integrated circuit including a video intermediate frequency amplifier and a video detector.

Abstract: A VHF television tuner for selection of a broadcasting television signal through mechanical switching selection of inductance coils, comprising; a tuner casing; a mechanical channel selection switch arrangement provided in said casing and including a rotatably mounted channel selection shaft for selection of inductance coils by rotation of said shaft; a radio frequency amplifier operatively coupled to the selected inductance coils for selectively amplifying a desired radio frequency signal; a local oscillator operatively coupled to said selected inductance coils for providing a local oscillation frequency signal, the frequency of which is different by a given frequency difference from said selectively amplified radio frequency signal; a mixer responsive to the radio frequency signal from said radio frequency amplifier and the local oscillation frequency signal from said local oscillator for providing an intermediate frequency signal; and an intermediate frequency tuned circuit for selectively withdrawing said

Abstract: A VHF television tuner circuit for selection of a television signal through mechanical selection of inductance coils comprises a first terminal for receiving a VHF television signal comprising a high and low VHF channel signals; a second terminal for receiving a UHF/VHF converted television signal; a mechanical channel selection switch arrangement for selection of a plurality of channel positions by rotation of a channel selection shaft said mechanical channel selection switch arrangement comprising a radio frequency coil switching stage and an oscillation coil switching stage; a radio frequency coil means coupled to the radio frequency coil switching stage; an oscillation coil coupled to the oscillation coil switching stage; a radio frequency amplifier coupled to the radio frequency coil switching stage for selectively amplifying a desired radio frequency signal; a local oscillator coupled to the oscillation coil switching stage for providing a local oscillation frequency, the frequency of which is different