Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a mode conversion device capable of designing any coupling efficiency and full width at half maximum, and a design method therefor. According to the present invention, a mode conversion device includes a long period grating at a core of an optical fiber through which light is able to propagate in at least two propagation modes. The long period grating satisfies a relationship of Expression C1, where a full width at half maximum FWHM is a wavelength band in which the coupling efficiency is a half of coupling efficiency of mode conversion at a center wavelength, C is coupling efficiency, Lc is a complete coupling length, Lg is a grating length, ? is a grating pitch, and ?? is a propagation constant difference between the two propagation modes at the center wavelength of a mode conversion target. [ Math .

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is suitable for treating AXL-related cancer. The cancer can be cancer with high expression of AXL. The cancer can also be cancer which has acquired resistance by the activation of AXL against therapy with an anticancer agent. Specific diamino heterocyclic carboxamide compounds have an AXL inhibitory action, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds as an active ingredient have a therapeutic effect on AXL-related cancer. This AXL-related cancer can be cancer with high expression of AXL and/or cancer which has acquired resistance by the activation of AXL against therapy with an anticancer agent.

Abstract: Modified polyvinyl alcohol contains a (meth)acrylamide monomer unit having an ionic group, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of saponification of from 50 to 99.99 mol % and a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 200 to 5000 and satisfies formulae (1) to (3) below. The modified polyvinyl alcohol thus obtained is particularly excellent in dispersibility in water. 0.8?(MwUV/MwRI)?1.3??(1) 1?(MwUV/MnUV)?7??(2) 0.03?A280?0.5??(3).

Abstract: The present invention provides: a water-soluble film that is superior in cold water solubility and in practical properties such as strength and stiffness and that can resist deterioration in various properties such as chemical resistance over time; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol used for the water-soluble film. The present invention relates to a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.05 to 10 mol % of a monomer unit having two carboxyl groups. In 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, an integral (X) from 6.8 to 7.2 ppm and an integral (Y) from 5.3 to 5.5 ppm satisfy the following expression: 0.60?X/(X+Y)<1.0.

Abstract: A modified PVA that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The modified PVA comprises a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and a structural unit represented by formula (II): wherein: a content of the monomer unit (I) is from 0.05 mol % to 10 mol %, and a content of the structural unit (II) is from 0.001 mol % to 0.5 mol % with respect to the total monomer units in the modified PVA; a viscosity average degree of polymerization is from 300 to 3,000; and a degree of saponification is from 82 mol % to 99.5 mol %. In the formula (I): R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing an alkyl group.

Abstract: A resin composition that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The resin composition comprises a modified PVA comprising a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and an amine compound represented by formula (II): a content of the amine compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the modified PVA being from 0.01 parts by mass to 1 part by mass. In the formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In the formula (II), R5 represents —R3?—SO3?X+?, —R3?—N+(R4?)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A modified PVA that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The modified PVA comprises a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and a structural unit represented by formula (II): wherein: a content of the monomer unit (I) is from 0.05 mol % to 10 mol %, and a content of the structural unit (II) is from 0.001 mol % to 0.5 mol % with respect to the total monomer units in the modified PVA; a viscosity average degree of polymerization is from 300 to 3,000; and a degree of saponification is from 82 mol % to 99.5 mol %. In the formula (I): R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing an alkyl group.

Abstract: A resin composition that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The resin composition comprises a modified PVA comprising a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and an amine compound represented by formula (II): a content of the amine compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the modified PVA being from 0.01 parts by mass to 1 part by mass. In the formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In the formula (II), R5 represents —R3?—SO3?X+?, —R3?—N+(R4?)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A composition which has high 4?-GL purity and can be used as a reference standard for various analyses can be obtained by a more convenient method than one conventionally used. A method for preparing a high-purity 4?-GL composition includes the steps of: (A) subjecting a 4?-GL-containing galacto-oligosaccharide to activated carbon column chromatography, and performing stepwise elution with plural organic solvent aqueous solutions, wherein the organic solvent aqueous solutions are used such that the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent aqueous solution is higher than the concentration of the organic solvent in the immediately preceding organic solvent aqueous solution with respect to a series of elutions; and (B) adding an organic solvent to the final fraction eluted in step (A), and crystallizing the 4?-GL.

Abstract: A modified PVA that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The modified PVA comprises a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and a structural unit represented by formula (II): wherein: a content of the monomer unit (I) is from 0.05 mol % to 10 mol %, and a content of the structural unit (II) is from 0.001 mol % to 0.5 mol % with respect to the total monomer units in the modified PVA; a viscosity average degree of polymerization is from 300 to 3,000; and a degree of saponification is from 82 mol % to 99.5 mol %. In the formula (I): R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing an alkyl group.

Abstract: Modified polyvinyl alcohol contains a monomer unit having a carboxyl group, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of saponification of from 50 to 99.99 mol % and a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 200 to 5000 and satisfies formulae (1) to (3) below. The modified polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention thus obtained is particularly excellent in dispersibility in water. 0.8?(MwUV/MwRI)?1.2??(1) 2?(MwUV/MnUV)?8??(2) 0.01?A280?0.

Abstract: A resin composition that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The resin composition comprises a modified PVA comprising a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and an amine compound represented by formula (II): a content of the amine compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the modified PVA being from 0.01 parts by mass to 1 part by mass. In the formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In the formula (II), R5 represents —R3?—SO3?X+, —R3?—N+(R4?)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A modified PVA that enables formation of a film superior in cold water solubility, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance is provided. The modified PVA comprises a monomer unit represented by formula (I), and a structural unit represented by formula (II): wherein: a content of the monomer unit (I) is from 0.05 mol % to 10 mol %, and a content of the structural unit (II) is from 0.001 mol % to 0.5 mol % with respect to the total monomer units in the modified PVA; a viscosity average degree of polymerization is from 300 to 3,000; and a degree of saponification is from 82 mol % to 99.5 mol %. In the formula (I): R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group; and R2 represents —R3—SO3?X+, —R3—N+(R4)3Cl?, or a hydrogen atom, R3 representing an alkanediyl group, X+ representing a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an ammonium group, and R4 representing an alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a water-soluble film that is superior in cold water solubility and in practical properties such as strength and stiffness and that can resist deterioration in various properties such as chemical resistance over time; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol used for the water-soluble film. The present invention relates to a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.05 to 10 mol % of a monomer unit having two carboxyl groups. In 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, an integral (X) from 6.8 to 7.2 ppm and an integral (Y) from 5.3 to 5.5 ppm satisfy the following expression: 0.60?X/(X+Y)<1.0.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a PVA having highly harmonized adequate water solubility, thickening property and coating film strength, and having superior storage stability in terms of the viscosity in an aqueous solution. A vinyl alcohol polymer having a ratio (Mw (A)/Mn (A)) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw (A)) to the number average molecular weight (Mn (A)) of 3 or greater and 8 or less, and being capable of giving a vinyl alcohol polymer having a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2 or greater and less than 3 when treated at 40° C. for 1 hour in a sodium hydroxide solution.

Abstract: A composition which has high 4?-GL purity and can be used as a reference standard for various analyses can be obtained by a more convenient method than one conventionally used. A method for preparing a high-purity 4?-GL composition includes the steps of: (A) subjecting a 4?-GL-containing galacto-oligosaccharide to activated carbon column chromatography, and performing stepwise elution with plural organic solvent aqueous solutions, wherein the organic solvent aqueous solutions are used such that the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent aqueous solution is higher than the concentration of the organic solvent in the immediately preceding organic solvent aqueous solution with respect to a series of elutions; and (B) adding an organic solvent to the final fraction eluted in step (A), and crystallizing the 4?-GL.

Abstract: Modified polyvinyl alcohol contains a (meth)acrylamide monomer unit having an ionic group, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of saponification of from 50 to 99.99 mol % and a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 200 to 5000 and satisfies formulae (1) to (3) below. The modified polyvinyl alcohol thus obtained is particularly excellent in dispersibility in water. 0.8?(MwUV/MwRI)?1.3 ??(1) 1?(MwUV/MnUV)?7 ??(2) 0.03?A280?0.

Abstract: Modified polyvinyl alcohol contains a monomer unit having a carboxyl group, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol has a degree of saponification of from 50 to 99.99 mol % and a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of from 200 to 5000 and satisfies formulae (1) to (3) below. The modified polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention thus obtained is particularly excellent in dispersibility in water. 0.8?(MwUV/MwRI)?1.2 ??(1) 2?(MwUV/MnUV)?8 ??(2) 0.01?A280?0.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a PVA having highly harmonized adequate water solubility, thickening property and coating film strength, and having superior storage stability in terms of the viscosity in an aqueous solution. A vinyl alcohol polymer having a ratio (Mw (A)/Mn (A)) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw (A)) to the number average molecular weight (Mn (A)) of 3 or greater and 8 or less, and being capable of giving a vinyl alcohol polymer having a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2 or greater and less than 3 when treated at 40 ° C. for 1 hour in a sodium hydroxide solution.

Abstract: Sulfoquinovosylacyl propanediol compounds represented by formula (I): wherein R1 is an acyl residue of a fatty acid, Y is a number of 1, 2 or 3, and M represents a cation having a positive charge equal to Y and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are effective for treating tumors.