Abstract: Circuitry is presented that can provide high-voltage radio-frequency pulses in the range of from a few volts to megavolts for charged particle accelerators. Individual pulse forming sections, such as transmission line transformers (TLTs) or blumleins, are formed in clusters. The pulse forming sections of each cluster are connected in series and have transmission lines ending in a ring structure. Multiple clusters can then be arranged with their rings aligned along the axis of the accelerator.

Abstract: The geometry of blumleins and how a switch is placed within the blumlein structure are considered. The thicker the switch, the higher the voltage it charged to without breaking down. A thicker switch can also provide a larger surface to illuminate. In one set of exemplary embodiments, the switch modules is displaced to the sides of the of the blumlein structures in a “necking” arrangement, where the switch region curves out a distance to the side. A stack of blumleins can then alternate sides, allowing for the switch region to each have a greater thickness. Another set of exemplary embodiments uses a tab structure: the top, middle and bottom conductors are all straight, but the top and middle conductors each include tabs, between which the switch is placed.