Abstract: A silicon compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an unsubstituted heterocyclic group, m is an integer of 2 or more, and n is an integer of 5,000 or less.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device is formed of a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer interposed between the electrodes. The organic compound layer is composed of an organic compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, each of at least two groups among Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 is a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, and the remainder represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

Abstract: A silicon compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): 1

Abstract: A luminescent device in accordance with the present invention includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer containing at least one organic compound provided therebetween.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device is formed of a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer interposed between the electrodes.

Abstract: A luminescent device in accordance with the present invention includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer containing at least one organic compound provided therebetween. The work function of the anode (Wf(anode)) and the Fermi level of the organic layer (Ef(anode)) being in contact with the anode satisfies the following equation (I): Ef(anode)−0.2≦Wf(anode)≦Ef(anode)+0.

Abstract: A silicon compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an unsubstituted heterocyclic group, m is an integer of 2 or more, and n is an integer of 5,000 or less.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device is formed of a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer interposed between the electrodes. The organic compound layer is composed of an organic compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, each of at least two groups among Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 is a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, and the remainder represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

Abstract: A light-transmitting recording material for electrophotography is disclosed which has a light-transmitting base material and a surface layer. The surface layer contains a thermoplastic resin and a release agent having a melting point of from 40.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. Also, a heat fixing method is provided in which a toner image is formed and heat-fixed on the above light-transmitting recording material.

Abstract: A light emitting device is composed of a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer interposed between the electrodes. In the organic compound layer is used a organic compound shown by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, R.sup.2 is X--Ar.sup.1 ; X is NH, O or S, Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring having a partial structure shown by the following formula (2): ##STR2## or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring; each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring; each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: A photosensitive recording medium comprises a composition containing a radical-polymerizable monomer, a cationic-polymerizable monomer, a radical polymerization initiator, and a cationic-polymerization initiator as main constituents. A method of producing a hologram comprises a first step of preparing the photosensitive recording medium; a second step of exposing the medium to an interference pattern of radiation rays; and a third step of exposing the entire region of the medium to light; and optionally a fourth step of heating the entire of the medium.

Abstract: A light-transmitting recording material for electrophotography has a light-transmitting base material, a conductive undercoat layer formed on the light-transmitting base material, and a light-transmitting toner acceptable layer formed on the conductive undercoat layer. The surface resistivity of the conductive undercoat layer ranges from 1.times.10.sup.7 .OMEGA. to 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA. at 20.degree. C. and 60% relative humidity. The conductive undercoat layer contains a metallic conductive or semiconductive material, and the light-transmitting toner acceptable layer includes a wax as a releasing agent and a thermoplastic resin. Also, a heat fixing method is provided in which a toner image is formed and heat-fixed on the above-mentioned light-transmitting recording material.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a display layer between a pair of electrode plates. The display layer comprises a porous polymer material having open pores partially filled and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the porous polymer material. The display layer is free from an unfilled portion of the low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound to be effective for providing a liquid crystal device showing a high transmittance and a good contrast. The display layer also comprises a three dimensional network structure coated with a polymer layer, and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the three-dimensional network structure. The display layer is free from a fibrous part which is unstable against an applied voltage to be effective for providing a liquid crystal device showing no hysteresis.

Abstract: A photosensitive recording medium comprises a composition containing a radical-polymerizable monomer, a cationic-polymerizable monomer, a radical polymerization initiator, and a cationic-polymerization initiator as main constituents. A method of producing a hologram comprises a first step of preparing the photosensitive recording medium; a second step of exposing the medium to an interference pattern of radiation rays; and a third step of exposing the entire region of the medium to light; and optionally a fourth step of heating the entire of the medium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a charging system for charging a body to be electrified, comprising a body to be electrified, and a charging member which can be applied with voltage to brush the surface of said body to be electrified and charge it. Wherein the surface of the body to be electrified exhibits a contact angle of 90.degree. or more for water.

Abstract: A chain polymeric liquid crystal compound having a structure expressed by the following general formula [I] as a flexible spacer and a chain polymeric liquid crystal copolymer compound, a polymeric liquid crystal composition containing at least one of their compounds and at least any one of a polymeric compound, a polymeric liquid crystal compound, a low molecular weight liquid crystal compound and a low molecular weight liquid crystal compound, a polymeric liquid crystal device which uses the same, and an apparatus and a method which use the polymeric liquid crystal device: ##STR1## (where X is --O--, --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --O--CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## Y is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (n=1 to 18), Z is a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and * is an asymmetric carbon atom).

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric liquid-crystal compound having a repeating unit represented by Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein U represents a polymer main chain; V represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --((CH.sub.2).sub.2 --O).sub.m -- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --((CH.sub.2).sub.2 --O).sub.p --, one or more of methylene hydrogen atoms of which may be substituted with an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an amino group or a carbonyl group, and m, n and p each represents an integer of 0 to 30; W represents a single bond, --O--, --OCO--, --COO--, --CONR.sup.1 --, --CO-- or --NR.sup.1, where R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; X represents two or more rings of a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring or aromatic ring of benzene ring, heteroaromatic ring or condensed ring, which rings are bonded through a single bond, --O--, --OCO--, --COO--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.q --, --N.dbd.N--, --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.q --, --CH.dbd.N--, --(C.tbd.C).sub.q --, --CONR.sup.1 --, --(CO).sub.q --, or --NR.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a display layer between a pair of electrode plates. The display layer comprises a mesomorphic polymer and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound. The mesomorphic polymer may preferably be a main chain-type ferroelectric mesomorphic polymer having an ester linkage or a mesomorphic polymer derived from a polymerizable mesomorphic compound. The display layer may preferably comprise a ferroelectric mesomorphic polymer having a dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. of -3.0 or below and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound incompatible with the mesomorphic polymer and having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

Abstract: Optical recording mediums are prepared by extrusion molding. In the extrusion molding, a thermoplastic resin heated to a given temperature is pressed between a roll stamper and a roll opposite thereto. A gap between the roll stamper and the roll is precisely defined by belt members fixed on each side of the roll where the roll does not come into touch with the thermoplastic resin. The joints of the respective belt members are formed at positions different from each other on the periphery of the roll. Alternatively the gap may be defined by cutting the roll substrate at a part on which the stamper member is fixed, or by interposing endless belts with a given thickness between the roll stamper and the roll. The stamper member provided on the roll stamper is reduced in stress, and has a surface precision of 10 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a display layer between a pair of electrode plates. The display layer comprises a stretched porous polymer film having open pores and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the polymer film. The display layer further comprises a porous polymer film having a three dimensional network structure characterized by a fibril diameter of at most 0.3 micron, and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the polymer film. The display layer still further comprises a first display layer comprising a porous film and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the porous film, and a second display layer comprising the low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound.