Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling system for a vehicle, in which coolant coolant, a blend of an antifreezing solution and water flowed into a radiator generates turbulent flow when a vehicle is in a state of a critical driving mode of a vehicle for example, a hill-climbing mode, thereby enhancing heat radiating performance and reducing pressure drop amount at the same time.

Abstract: Provided are a digital broadcasting transmitting/receiving apparatus and method. By converting content of a main-program to a stream, converting content of a sub-program forming a single digital broadcasting service through synchronization with the main-program by being subordinated to the main-program to a stream, generating program configuration information containing stream conversion information of the main-program and stream conversion information of the sub-program, multiplexing the converted main-program stream and the generated program configuration information and real-time transmitting the multiplexed signal, and transmitting the converted sub-program stream in non-real-time, various and new premium services with compatibility with existing digital broadcasting services can be provided to users.

Abstract: In a backlight unit and an image display apparatus including the backlight unit, the backlight unit includes a base substrate and a transparent substrate arranged to face each other; a cathode electrode and a first gate electrode alternately arranged on an upper surface of the base substrate; an emitter arranged on an edge of the cathode electrode facing the first gate electrode; an insulation layer arranged on the cathode electrode and the first gate electrode; a second gate electrode arranged on an upper surface of the insulation layer; and a fluorescent layer arranged on a lower surface of the transparent substrate. An aperture is arranged in the insulation layer and second gate electrode, the aperture being in an area corresponding to the emitter.

Abstract: A method and system for retransmitting data in a communication system are provided. In the retransmission method, a BS determines an automatic retransmission number for a multicast data frame according to the number of MSs of a multicast group, transmits the determined automatic retransmission number to the MSs of the multicast group, and repeatedly transmits the multicast data frame to the MSs until the number of transmissions of the multicast data frame is equal to the automatic retransmission number, irrespective of reception of information indicating whether the multicast data frame has been received from the MSs. Accordingly, resource consumption can be reduced and overhead can be decreased.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat panel display and a fabricating method thereof that are adaptive for conducting a patterning process without using a photo process to thereby reduce its process time and minimize pattern defects. A fabricating method and device of a flat panel display according to an embodiment of the present invention spreads an etch-resist on a thin film and forms an etch-resist pattern on a thin film by pressing a soft mold of a permeable structure to the etch-resist.

Abstract: Provided are a network-coding apparatus and method which can increase a data communication capacity in a communication environment to which an error-correction code (ECC) is applied. The network-coding apparatus includes a received signal processing unit receiving at least two signals, and decoding the at least two received signals; and a transmission signal processing unit receiving the at least two decoded signals from the received signal processing unit, merging the at least two decoded signals, and generating a merged transmission signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for placing dummy patterns in a semiconductor device layout. More specifically, the method places the dummy patterns densely between main patterns in accordance with a sequence and configuration. The method includes placing vertical dummies having a greater length than width in a region other than main patterns to form a first layout, removing the vertical dummies within a first distance from the main patterns to form a second layout, placing horizontal dummies having a greater length than width in a vacant space of the second layout to form a third layout, and removing the horizontal dummies within a second distance from the main patterns in the third layout. The method prevents and/or inhibits pattern deformation.

Abstract: A vehicular steering angle estimating apparatus including wheel rotational speed sensors for detecting rotational speeds of left and right wheels of a vehicle, provided with a steering angle estimating portion for estimating and outputting a estimated steering angle 1 from the wheel rotational speeds detected by the wheel rotational speed sensors, and a estimated steering angle outputting portion for outputting a estimated steering angle 2 on the basis of the estimated steering angle 1 and an SAT detected value or an SAT estimated value.

Abstract: A transport stream (TS) generating apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus, a digital broadcast system having the above, and a method thereof are provided. The digital broadcast system includes a transport stream (TS) generating apparatus which generates a multi transport stream (TS) by multiplexing a normal stream and a turbo stream having a variable coding rate, a transmitting apparatus which re-constructs the multi TS by processing the turbo stream, and transmits the re-constructed multi TS, and a receiving apparatus which receives the re-constructed multi TS, and decodes the normal stream and the turbo stream respectively, to recover normal data and turbo data. Accordingly, a multi TS, which includes normal stream and a turbo stream of various coding rates, can be transmitted and received efficiently.

Abstract: An electrical connector (100) includes a first interface (10) having a first tongue plate (12) extending therein, a second interface (11) disposed on a side of the first interface, a first contact group (3) held in the first tongue plate, and a second contact group (4) extending into the second interface. The first contact group includes a set of first contacts (31) each having a first resilient contacting portion (33) and a set of second contacts (32) each having a second stiff contacting portion (36). The first contacting portion (33) and the second contacting portion (36) are essentially located on a same side of the first tongue plate (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a signal in a semiconductor integrated circuit includes a multilevel transmission control block that outputs a plurality of bits of an input signal in serial or parallel according to whether a multilevel transmission operation is performed or not, and a signal processing block that selectively performs the multilevel transmission operation according to a form of the input signal, which are output in serial or parallel from the multilevel transmission control block.

Abstract: A current clamp meter having a current meter body and a detachable current clamp. The current meter body and the current clamp are configured so that the current clamp is detachable from the current meter body and the meter is operable with the current clamp either attached to the current meter body or detached from the current meter body.

Abstract: A panel of IgG1 human monoclonal antibodies (HMAbs) identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay has been produced from peripheral B cells of an individual immunized with prototype H5N1 vaccine. Sequence analysis of antibody clones showed three clusters of different HMAbs as represented by HMAbs designated as BF1-1, BF1-19 and BF1-10. BF1-1 and BF1-10 have distinct CDR 1, 2 and 3 regions of both heavy and light chains. BF1-19 has the same heavy chain as BF1-1 but the light chain of BF1-10. Antibody binding affinity, KD, studies showed all three HMAbs ranging from at least about 10?8 to at least about 10?9. In vivo protection studies showed that these antibodies afforded significant protection against infection. These findings demonstrate that the antibodies of the invention are cross-neutralizing and therapeutic.

Abstract: In the present invention, an apparatus and a method for generating feedback information for a Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection scheme in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communication system are provided. An apparatus of the invention includes a generator for generating constellation difference points by converting a constellation domain representing values of symbols into a constellation difference domain representing values of distance between symbols, a calculator for calculating per stream Symbol Error Rates (SERs) using the constellation difference points, and a determiner for determining per stream Effective Signal to Noise Ratios (ESNRs) using the per stream SER.

Abstract: A method of transmitting channel information in a wireless communication system includes generating a channel quality indicator (CQI) including a channel variation indicating temporal changes in downlink channel condition, and transmitting the CQI through an uplink physical channel. Since a modulation and coding scheme is determined by considering changes in channel environment, reception performance of a user equipment can be improved and reliable service can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a contrast agent comprising a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein each of the nanoparticles comprises: (a) a signal generating core; and (b) a polymeric shell coated on the signal generating core, wherein the polymeric shell comprises a water soluble hydoxysilyl- or alkoxysilyl-functionalized polymer and wherein the polymer shell is thermally crosslinked through hydroxysilyl or alkoxysilyl groups of the polymer.

Abstract: A process for providing interaction between particulate filler and a functionalized polymer involves a composition that includes at least three components: (1) a polymer that includes a functional group including an acidic cation of a primary or secondary amine functionality, (2) a material including a functionality capable of reacting with the acidic cation, and (3) particulate filler. The amine functionality from (1) is allowed to interact with (3) after being neutralized by the action of the acid-reactive functionality from (2). The process is useful in the formation of vulcanizates and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: A display device and a method for driving the same, in which the display device includes a storage unit for storing a plurality of reference gradation code data corresponding to a plurality of gradations, and some of variable gradation code data corresponding to some of the gradation points of the plurality of gradations; a signal controller for converting gradations of original pixel data into gradation code signals of different levels using the plurality of reference gradation code data or both the plurality of reference gradation code data and the some variable gradation code data according to an operation mode; a data driver for converting the gradation code signal into an analog pixel data signal; and an image display unit for displaying an image according to the pixel data signal. The original pixel data are converted into gradation code signals of different levels according to an image display mode, thereby preventing luminance degradation and flicker generation due to the image display mode.

Abstract: A method of forming an isolation trench structure is disclosed, the method includes forming an isolation trench in a semiconductor body associated with an isolation region, and implanting a non-dopant atom into the isolation trench, thereby forming a region to modify the halo profile in the semiconductor body. Subsequently, the isolation trench is filled with a dielectric material.

Abstract: A backlight unit that can perform local dimming, and has a structure for preventing light leakage and a cooling structure, and an image display apparatus employing the backlight unit. The backlight unit includes a light emitting arrangement adapted to radiate light and a plurality of light. shielding guides adapted to divide the light emitting arrangement into a plurality of unit blocks, the unit blocks being adapted to provide local dimming, the light shielding guides being further adapted to prevent light from traveling from one of said unit blocks to another of said unit blocks.