Abstract: Embodiments relate to laser welding methods, monitoring methods, and monitoring systems for a secondary battery. A laser welding method for a secondary battery includes performing laser welding on a positive electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of positive electrode base tabs are formed at a side, a negative electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of negative electrode base tabs are formed at a side, and a thin-film multi-tab to be joined to each of the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base, a welded portion in which the multi-tab is welded with the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base being melting-joined by using a laser such that a plurality of welding spots is formed on the welded portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a secondary battery includes: an index table configured to receive a secondary battery cell, the secondary battery cell including an electrode assembly, a can accommodating the electrode assembly, and an electrode tab between the electrode assembly and the can to electrically connect the electrode assembly to the can; a laser scanner configured to irradiate laser onto an outer surface of the can to weld the electrode tab to the can; and a controller configured to variably control the laser scanner according to an operation of the index table.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically inspecting the welding state of a battery module is configured to inspect welding states of welding parts of a plurality of leads for electrical connection based on a deep penetration inspection using application of eddy current to the welding parts of the leads.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recovering and reusing an active material from a positive electrode scrap.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a first photo-sensing device on a semiconductor substrate and configured to sense light of a first wavelength spectrum, and second and third photo-sensing devices integrated in the semiconductor substrate and configured to sense light of a second and third wavelength spectrum, respectively. The first photo-sensing device may overlap each of the second and third photo-sensing devices in a thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate. The second and third photo-sensing devices do not overlap in the thickness direction and each have an upper surface, a lower surface, and a doped region therebetween. The third photo-sensing device includes an upper surface deeper further from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate than the upper surface of the second photo-sensing device and a doped region thicker than the doped region of the second photo-sensing device. The image sensor may omit the first photo-sensing device.

Abstract: The method for compensating a boresight error in a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite antenna according to the present disclosure comprising the steps of: converting a communication point of the LEO satellite and the location of the ground station into the geocentric coordinate system, and setting an incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna of the LEO satellite; calculating the measured meteorological condition as a meteorological condition at a specific altitude interval; calculating the meteorological conditions respectively as an effective refractive index; dividing the atmosphere into layers at specific altitude intervals, and calculating an arrival coordinate of the electromagnetic wave for which the atmospheric environment is considered; when the error between the location of the ground station and the arrival coordinate of the electromagnetic wave is less than a target error, deciding the compensating angle for the incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: The method for compensating a boresight error in a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite antenna according to the present disclosure comprising the steps of: converting a communication point of the LEO satellite and the location of the ground station into the geocentric coordinate system, and setting an incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna of the LEO satellite; calculating the measured meteorological condition as a meteorological condition at a specific altitude interval; calculating the meteorological conditions respectively as an effective refractive index; dividing the atmosphere into layers at specific altitude intervals, and calculating an arrival coordinate of the electromagnetic wave for which the atmospheric environment is considered; when the error between the location of the ground station and the arrival coordinate of the electromagnetic wave is less than a target error, deciding the compensating angle for the incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate-integrated waveguide slot antenna including a lower substrate having a substrate-integrated waveguide structure, the lower substrate being provided in the upper surface thereof with at least one slot, whereby an electromagnetic wave is guided by the substrate-integrated waveguide structure and is emitted through the slot, and an upper substrate formed on the lower substrate, the upper substrate having a metasurface configured such that a plurality of unit cells is arranged at predetermined intervals, whereby the electromagnetic wave dispatched through the slot is reemitted by the metasurface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate-integrated waveguide slot antenna including a lower substrate having a substrate-integrated waveguide structure, the lower substrate being provided in the upper surface thereof with at least one slot, whereby an electromagnetic wave is guided by the substrate-integrated waveguide structure and is emitted through the slot, and an upper substrate formed on the lower substrate, the upper substrate having a metasurface configured such that a plurality of unit cells is arranged at predetermined intervals, whereby the electromagnetic wave dispatched through the slot is reemitted by the metasurface.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment using a ceramic membrane, which allows the biological treatment to be performed sufficiently in an intermittent aeration tank by combining an anaerobic tank with a plurality of intermittent aeration tanks and selectively changing an inflow path of influent water according to an operation status of the intermittent aeration tanks. The present disclosure is directed to providing an apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment, which allows the aeration and treated water to continuously discharge through two intermittent aeration tanks by independently forming an air injection line and a treated water discharge line at a ceramic membrane provided in each intermittent aeration tank.

Abstract: A sludge treatment apparatus includes an aeration tank serving to degrade microorganisms other than Bacillus sp. in sludge to produce organic matter to thereby activate Bacillus sp.; a poor aeration tank serving to reduce the activity of microorganisms in the sludge; a spore-forming tank operated under oxygen-free conditions and serving to induce the degradation and death of microorganisms remaining in the sludge while inducing the formation of spores of Bacillus sp.; a Bacillus sp.-activating reactor provided in an internal return line extending from the spore-forming tank to the aeration tank and serving to supply minerals to the sludge returned from the spore-forming tank to activate spore-type Bacillus sp.; and a sedimentation tank serving to induce the gravity sedimentation of the sludge discharged from the spore-forming tank to separate the discharged sludge into a supernatant and a concentrated sludge.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment using a ceramic membrane, which allows the biological treatment to be performed sufficiently in an intermittent aeration tank by combining an anaerobic tank with a plurality of intermittent aeration tanks and selectively changing an inflow path of influent water according to an operation status of the intermittent aeration tanks. The present disclosure is directed to providing an apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment, which allows the aeration and treated water to continuously discharge through two intermittent aeration tanks by independently forming an air injection line and a treated water discharge line at a ceramic membrane provided in each intermittent aeration tank.

Abstract: A method of transmitting channel information in a wireless communication system includes generating a channel quality indicator (CQI) including a channel variation indicating temporal changes in downlink channel condition, and transmitting the CQI through an uplink physical channel. Since a modulation and coding scheme is determined by considering changes in channel environment, reception performance of a user equipment can be improved and reliable service can be provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing initial synchronization and frame synchronization in a mobile communications system and method thereof are disclosed. First of all, a method and apparatus for performing frame synchronization in a mobile communications system using a correlation value between a received signal and a reference vector for a phase according to one embodiment of the present invention are disclosed. Secondly, a method and apparatus for performing frame synchronization by considering all phase modulation possibility and frequency offsets according to another embodiment of the present invention are disclosed. Thirdly, a method and apparatus for performing initial estimation in a manner of dividing at least one subframe received from a base station by a UE in the course of cell search into at least two areas, calculating a correlation for each of the at least two areas and using a maximum value of the calculated correlation value per area are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting channel information in a wireless communication system includes generating a channel quality indicator (CQI) including a channel variation indicating temporal changes in downlink channel condition, and transmitting the CQI through an uplink physical channel. Since a modulation and coding scheme is determined by considering changes in channel environment, reception performance of a user equipment can be improved and reliable service can be provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of present invention may provide a motor control drive circuit for driving a motor by receiving signals from a digital signal control device. The motor control drive circuit includes a switching unit receiving signals that have undergone pulse width modulation (PWM signals) in the digital signal control device, and converting a switching state based on the input signals; and a controller receiving from the switching unit switching operational signals that vary according to a duty ratio of the PWM signals, receiving digital signals from the digital signal control device, and varying a voltage gain for control of the drive motor. In the motor control drive circuit of one embodiment of the present invention, motor rotation is controlled by the duty ratio of digital signals without the use of a DAC. This allows for the design of an independent digital signal processing device, and enables compatibility with various digital signal processing devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of present invention may provide a motor control drive circuit for driving a motor by receiving signals from a digital signal control device. The motor control drive circuit includes a switching unit receiving signals that have undergone pulse width modulation (PWM signals) in the digital signal control device, and converting a switching state based on the input signals; and a controller receiving from the switching unit switching operational signals that vary according to a duty ratio of the PWM signals, receiving digital signals from the digital signal control device, and varying a voltage gain for control of the drive motor. In the motor control drive circuit of one embodiment of the present invention, motor rotation is controlled by the duty ratio of digital signals without the use of a DAC. This allows for the design of an independent digital signal processing device, and enables compatibility with various digital signal processing devices.

Abstract: A motor drive apparatus that includes a digital controller for generating pulse width modulation (PWM) signals with predetermined duty factors, duty capacitors for converting the PWM signals into drive voltages applied to the motors; low pass filters for generating DC drive signals by removing AC components, and a PWM decoder for generating a voltage across the duty capacitors by charging the duty capacitors in one predetermined state (either high or low) of the PWM signals, and by discharging the duty capacitors in the other state of the PWM signals. Using the present invention, a motor can be driven with a digital controller not equipped with a D/A converter; and a drive voltage applied to the motor can be controlled by a gain of the amplifier and a power supply voltage.

Abstract: A motor drive apparatus that includes a digital controller for generating pulse width modulation (PWM) signals with predetermined duty factors, duty capacitors for converting the PWM signals into drive voltages applied to the motors; low pass filters for generating DC drive signals by removing AC components, and a PWM decoder for generating a voltage across the duty capacitors by charging the duty capacitors in one predetermined state (either high or low) of the PWM signals, and by discharging the duty capacitors in the other state of the PWM signals. Using the present invention, a motor can be driven with a digital controller not equipped with a D/A converter; and a drive voltage applied to the motor can be controlled by a gain of the amplifier and a power supply voltage.