Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved multiplex PCR method for obtaining at least two PCR products from one PCR solution. In the multiplex PCR method for having at least two DNA amplified products from a sample positioned in a PCR equipment, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel multiplex PCR method characterized in that a primer annealing temperature and an extension time be changed per cycle with constant periods. When a multiplex PCR is performed in accordance with the present invention, limitations in determining PCR conditions due to a various sizes of PCR products or dimers caused by primers can be eliminated, and time and efforts required for determining the PCR conditions to various samples can also be reduced. Further, not only refined DNAs like cDNA, genomic DNA, vector, etc, but blood can be directly used as a multiplex PCR sample, and PCR amplification reaction can be performed even with a sample having the smallest amounts.

Abstract: Provided is a micro fluidic device that can control a flow time of micro fluid by using a capillary phenomenon. The micro fluidic device includes: a flow channel for flowing fluid, the flow channel being formed between a top substrate and a bottom substrate or between a top substrate, a bottom substrate, and a middle substrate; a flow blocking surface for stopping a flow of the fluid in the flow channel temporarily; and a hump for delaying the flow formed in the line of continuity with the flow blocking surface. The micro fluidic device of the present research can control the flow time in a simple manner.

Abstract: Provided is a micro fluidic device that can control a flow time of micro fluid by using a capillary phenomenon. The micro fluidic device includes: a flow channel for flowing fluid, the flow channel being formed between a top substrate and a bottom substrate or between a top substrate, a bottom substrate, and a middle substrate; a flow blocking surface for stopping a flow of the fluid in the flow channel temporarily; and a hump for delaying the flow formed in the line of continuity with the flow blocking surface. The micro fluidic device of the present research can control the flow time in a simple manner.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved multiplex PCR method for obtaining at least two PCR products from one PCR solution. In the multiplex PCR method for having at least two DNA amplified products from a sample positioned in a PCR equipment, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel multiplex PCR method characterized in that a primer annealing temperature and an extension time be changed per cycle with constant periods. When a multiplex PCR is performed in accordance with the present invention, limitations in determining PCR conditions due to a various sizes of PCR products or dimers caused by primers can be eliminated, and time and efforts required for determining the PCR conditions to various samples can also be reduced. Further, not only refined DNAs like cDNA, genomic DNA, vector, etc, but blood can be directly used as a multiplex PCR sample, and PCR amplification reaction can be performed even with a sample having the smallest amounts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chip for detecting DNA and method for detecting DNA using the same. In the chip according to the present invention, a double strand formed by hybridization of signaling DNA and probe DNA is fixed to an electrode, wherein the signaling DNA and probe DNA are complementary each other and either of the two is complementary to sequence of a target DNA, and the complementarity between the target DNA, and the signaling DNA and the probe DNA is different, and electrochemically active compound is bonded to the signaling DNA. Further, the method for detecting DNA according to the present invention induces competitive reaction for performing hybridization of the probe DNA and the signaling DNA, and detects the target DNA by measuring change in an electrochemical signal of the signaling DNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor system for measuring the changes of refractive index and for the thickness variation of a sample medium, and the variations in concentration of a liquid sample using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or a sensor chip constituting the surface plasmon microscope (SPM). The surface plasmon resonance sensor system comprises a sensor chip having a sensor element on which a measuring sample is located, the sensor element is composed of a first adhesion layer, a conductive thin film, a second adhesion layer and a transparent thin film sequentially stacked on a transparent substrate; a prism attached under the sensor chip; a light source for providing light to the sensor chip through the prism; and a light-detecting element for measuring variations in the refractive index caused by resonance of surface plasmon on the conductive thin film.

Abstract: An optical fiber for an optical amplifier, which contains dysprosium ion (Dy3+) with an improved light amplification efficiency at the 1.31 &mgr;m band. The optical fiber includes a germanium-gallium-sulfide (Ge—Ga—S) glass, an alkali metal halide, and Dy as a rare earth element. In the optical fiber, the interaction of electrons of Dy3+ and phonons in the glass lattice can be minimized, so that the multiphonon relaxation of Dy3+0 from 4F11/2 and 6H9/2 to 6H11/2 is slowed down, and thus the fluorescence lifetime at 1.31 &mgr;m is elongated, further improving the fluorescence efficiency of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber for use in a light amplifier. The optical fiber is formed by doping a gerrnanium-gallium-sulfur (Ge—Ga—S) glass containing less sulfur than a GeS2—Ga2S3 stoichiometric composition line with a rare earth element, and further contains 0.1˜10 atomic % of a halogen element base on the Ge—Ga—S glass. By using optical fiber, clustering of praseodymium (Pr+3) ions can be suppressed even when the concentration of added Pr+3 is high, thereby improving light amplification efficiency.

Abstract: A Ge--Ga--S-based glass composition having light amplifying characteristics and an apparatus for optical communications using the glass composition are provided. The present invention includes a sulfur-poor Ge--Ga--S based host glass which includes less S than compositions on the composition line of GeS.sub.2 --G.sub.2 S.sub.3 on the ternary phase diagram of Ge--Ga--S, and a rare earth active material doped on the host glass for luminescence and light amplification. Ga of no more than about 10 mol % is included in the host glass. Also, Pr.sup.3+ ions are used as the rare earth active material. Furthermore, for stable vitrification and a blue shift of a short wavelength absorption band, a vitrification stabilizer such as Br and I is added to the host glass.