Abstract: The present invention provides a charging method and charging device for a battery. The charging method comprises the following steps: (1) on the basis of charging time T and a preset first mapping table, determining an average charging rate Ca, an initial charging rate C1, and a termination charging rate CT; on the basis of the preset number n of battery cycles, determining charging time t and a rate increase amplitude I of a signal charging rate; and (2) on the basis of the initial charging rate C1, the termination charging rate CT, and the charging time t and the rate increase amplitude I of the signal charging rate, determining a charging combination scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to increase the surface area of lithium metal. The method includes at least four steps. The first step is melting bulk lithium metal. The second step is adding a particle stabilizing agent to the molten lithium. Alternatively, the particle stabilizing agent can be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the lithium metal and then the bulk lithium material is added to the heated particle stabilizing agent. The third step is agitating the mixture until the lithium particles that form are the desired size. The final step involves cooling the lithium particles to form stabilized lithium particles thereby increasing the surface area of the lithium metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to rectify the discharge profile of a rechargeable battery so that the discharge current is greater than the charge current. The method includes two steps. The first step is an intermittent or pulsed discharge current protocol. It assures that the pulse discharge current is always higher than the charge current while the nominal discharge current is lower than the charge current. The second step includes a converter, that is used to convert the pulsed discharge current profile from the rechargeable battery into a continuous discharge current profile wherein the continuous current is smaller than the rechargeable battery charge current. The disclosed rectification method enables the rechargeable battery to power a device at an optimally lower rate for a certain applications with a significantly extended cycle life for the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid battery pack designed for aircraft. The hybrid battery pack comprises a primary battery comprising battery cells having a high self-discharge rate (high K-value) for daily operation and an emergency battery comprising battery cells having a low self-discharge rate (low K-value) for emergency power. This hybrid battery pack addresses the trade-off between battery lifetime and weight, offering enhanced safety, reliability, and efficiency for aircraft.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrolyte membrane for an alkali metal or an alkali metal ion battery, comprising: a composite membrane comprising an ionically conductive polymer; an alkali metal salt; and a filler comprising a carbon nitride nanosheet, an oxygenated carbon nitride nanosheet or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A negative electrode material that is used for a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery containing a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, includes: a first layer that contains lithium metal as a negative electrode active material; and a second layer that is arranged on at least one surface of the first layer. The second layer consists of a compound represented by a general formula MxAy (M is an element selected from a group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Ag, Si, and Sn, and A is an element selected from a group consisting of O, N, P, and F, and 0.3<x/y<3). The second layer has a thickness of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrolyte membrane for an alkali metal or an alkali metal ion battery, comprising: a composite membrane comprising an ionically conductive polymer; an alkali metal salt; and a filler comprising a carbon nitride nanosheet, an oxygenated carbon nitride nanosheet or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous electrochemical energy storage apparatus which comprises an electrochemical energy storage device comprising an electrochemical energy storage device with an inlet and outlet and respectively connected to an external fluid circulation apparatus that facilitates the fluid circulation entering and exiting the said energy storage device, to regulate the physical, chemical, and electrochemical conditions within the said energy storage device. The present invention also relates to a method for optimizing or restoring the electrochemical performance of an energy storage device, enhancing various performance and greatly extending the service life thereof by upgrading the electrolyte inside and outside the energy storage device.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage device is disclosed. In at least one embodiment the energy storage device includes an air electrode providing an electrochemical process comprising reduction and evolution of oxygen and a capacitive electrode enables an electrode process consisting of non-faradic reactions based on ion absorption/desorption and/or faradic reactions. This rechargeable energy storage device is a hybrid system of fuel cells and ultra-capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, and/or secondary batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous electrochemical energy storage apparatus which comprises an electrochemical energy storage device comprising an electrochemical energy storage device with an inlet and outlet and respectively connected to an external fluid circulation apparatus that facilitates the fluid circulation entering and exiting the said energy storage device, to regulate the physical, chemical, and electrochemical conditions within the said energy storage device. The present invention also relates to a method for optimizing or restoring the electrochemical performance of an energy storage device, enhancing various performance and greatly extending the service life thereof by upgrading the electrolyte inside and outside the energy storage device.

Abstract: In the present invention, a method of producing stable bare colloidal gold nanoparticles is disclosed. The nanoparticles can subsequently be subjected to partial or full surface modification. The method comprises preparation of colloidal gold nanoparticles in a liquid by employing a top-down nanofabrication method using bulk gold as a source material. The surface modification of these nanoparticles is carried out by adding one or multiple types of ligands each containing functional groups which exhibit affinity for gold nanoparticle surfaces to produce the conjugates. Because of the high efficiency and excellent stability of the nanoparticles produced by this method, the fabricated gold nanoparticle conjugates can have surface coverage with functional ligands which can be tuned to be any percent value between 0 and 100%.

Abstract: The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including an active material that can store and release ions, a negative electrode including an active material that is a lithiated nano-architectured active material including tin and at least one stress-buffer component, and a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium. The negative electrode active material is nano-architectured before lithiation.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the present invention provides preparation methods and compositions for nanoarchitectured multi-component materials based on carbon-coated iron-molybdenum mixed oxide as the electrode material for energy storage devices. A sol-gel process containing soluble organics is a preferred method. The soluble organics could become a carbon coating for the mixed oxide after thermal decomposition. The existence of the carbon coating provides the mixed oxide with an advantage in cycling stability over the corresponding carbon-free mixed oxide. For the carbon-coated mixed oxide, a stable cycling stability at high charge/discharge rate (3A/g) can be obtained with Mo/Fe molar ratios ?1/3. The cycling stability and rate capability could be tuned by incorporating a structural additive such as Al2O3 and a conductive additive such as carbon nanotubes. The high rate performance of the multi-component material has been demonstrated in a full device with porous carbons as the positive electrode material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for generating conjugated gold nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of generating unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles by mixing naked gold nanoparticles with a first type of attachment molecules at a molar ratio such that the attachment molecules attach to the naked gold particles at a density level below the saturation level of the naked gold particles (e.g., at a saturation level of 1-99%). In some embodiments, a second type of attachment molecules (e.g., with the opposite charge as the first type of attachment molecules) are mixed with the unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles to generate double-conjugated gold nanoparticles (e.g., that are zwitterionic).

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage device is disclosed. In at least one embodiment the energy storage device includes an air electrode providing an electrochemical process comprising reduction and evolution of oxygen and a capacitive electrode enables an electrode process consisting of non-faradic reactions based on ion absorption/desorption and/or faradic reactions. This rechargeable energy storage device is a hybrid system of fuel cells and ultra-capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, and/or secondary batteries.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage device is disclosed. In at least one embodiment the energy storage device includes an air electrode providing an electrochemical process comprising reduction and evolution of oxygen and a capacitive electrode enables an electrode process consisting of non-faradic reactions based on ion absorption/desorption and/or faradic reactions. This rechargeable energy storage device is a hybrid system of fuel cells and ultracapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and/or secondary batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for generating conjugated gold nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of generating unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles by mixing naked gold nanoparticles with a first type of attachment molecules at a molar ratio such that the attachment molecules attach to the naked gold particles at a density level below the saturation level of the naked gold particles (e.g., at a saturation level of 1-99%). In some embodiments, a second type of attachment molecules (e.g., with the opposite charge as the first type of attachment molecules) are mixed with the unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles to generate double-conjugated gold nanoparticles (e.g., that are zwitterionic).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for generating conjugated gold nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of generating unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles by mixing naked gold nanoparticles with a first type of attachment molecules at a molar ratio such that the attachment molecules attach to the naked gold particles at a density level below the saturation level of the naked gold particles (e.g., at a saturation level of 1-99%). In some embodiments, a second type of attachment molecules (e.g., with the opposite charge as the first type of attachment molecules) are mixed with the unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles to generate double-conjugated gold nanoparticles (e.g., that are zwitterionic).

Abstract: A predoping method for a negative electrode active material of an energy storage device, comprising at least one predoping material that can provide an ion that is different from a primary ionic charge carrier for a charging and discharging process of the energy storage device, called non-primary predoping material. The predoping material may be first included in a predoping electrode and later discharged to the negative electrode active material. The predoping material may be first mixed with the negative electrode active material in an electrode fabrication process, and later made to directly contact the negative electrode active material by adding an electrolyte and removing the protective shells of the predoping material. An ion exchanging method is used to exchange a first ion coming from the predoping material for a second ion in an electrode stack.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a chemically pure and stably dispersed organic nanoparticle colloidal suspension using an ultrafast pulsed laser ablation process. The method comprises irradiating a target of an organic compound material in contact with a poor solvent with ultrashort laser pulses at a high repetition rate and collecting the nanoparticles of the organic compound produced. The method may be implemented with a high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser source, an optical system for focusing and moving the pulsed laser beam, an organic compound target in contact with a poor solvent, and a solvent circulating system to cool the laser focal volume and collect the produced nanoparticle products. By controlling various laser parameters, and with optional poor solvent flow movement, the method provides stable colloids of dispersed organic nanoparticles in the poor solvent in the absence of any stabilizing agents.