Abstract: Methods of detecting, diagnosing, monitoring and treating kidney stones are disclosed. In some embodiments, methods of detecting, diagnosing or monitoring kidney stones comprise contacting a urine sample with anti-Claudin-14 antibody, and detecting quantity of a complex comprising Claudin-14 and the antibody, wherein an increase compared to control levels is diagnostic for kidney stones. In some embodiments, methods further comprise testing a second sample at a second time point to detect increased kidney stones. In some embodiments, methods of treating kidney stone disease comprise administering an miR-9 mimic or an miR-374 mimic. In some embodiments, methods comprise administering an inhibitor of CaSR signaling. In some embodiments, methods comprise administering a HDAC inhibitor. In some embodiments methods of treating hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia are disclosed, comprising administering an agonist of CaSR.