Abstract: A display panel includes an amorphous silicon gate driver in which a lower voltage than the gate-off voltage output from the gate driver is applied to an adjacent stage as a low voltage transmission signal.

Abstract: A method of predicting membrane fouling in a reverse osmosis process includes collecting information relative to the reverse osmosis process being performed over a predetermined period of time, the collected information including a process factor and a water quality factor, the process factor including a produced water flow rate; calculating a salt removal rate and a pressure drop based on the collected information; normalizing the produced water flow rate, the salt removal rate, and the pressure drop; generating a prediction equation using normalized values of the produced water flow rate, the salt removal rate, and the pressure drop values; and predicting membrane fouling through the generated prediction equation to determine a chemical cleaning time. Process and water quality factors are normalized to temperature and/or flow rate, and the prediction equation uses the normalized factors. Both short-term and long-term predictions are made for chemical cleaning time and membrane module replacement time.

Abstract: Memory devices are provided. A memory device includes a voltage generation circuit that includes an offset compensator configured to receive a reference voltage and an offset code and to link the offset code to the reference voltage. The voltage generation circuit includes a comparator configured to compare the reference voltage linked to the offset code with a bit line pre-charge voltage and to output driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a driver configured to output the bit line pre-charge voltage at a target level of the reference voltage in response to the driving control signals. The voltage generation circuit includes a background calibration circuit configured to generate the offset code for performing control so that a target short current flows through an output node of the driver from which the bit line pre-charge voltage is output. Related methods of generating a bit line pre-charge voltage are also provided.

Abstract: A symbol button for a vehicle includes: a button body; a button surface portion positioned at an upper portion of the button body; a symbol printing portion positioned on the button surface portion; an anti-plating portion positioned at a lower portion of the button body; and a metal plating layer positioned at the outside of a button excluding the symbol printing portion and the anti-plating portion.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery, wherein there is a pre-lithiated negative electrode such that a total irreversible capacity of a positive electrode is greater than a total irreversible capacity of the negative electrode while satisfying 150< (negative electrode discharge capacity/lithium secondary battery discharge capacity)×100<300, and a relative potential of the negative electrode with respect to lithium metal in an operating voltage range of the lithium secondary battery is in a range of ?0.1 V to 0.7 V. Such a lithium secondary battery is capable of maintaining a capacity retention of 60% or more even after 500 cycles or more while achieving an energy density per volume of 800 Wh/L or more.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pouch-shaped secondary battery including a battery case, an electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked in the state in which a separator is interposed therebetween, an electrode lead having an asymmetrical notch formed in a first surface of the electrode lead, the electrode lead being electrically connected to electrode tabs of the electrode assembly, the asymmetrical notch being configured to induce the rupture of the electrode lead, a lead film attached to the first surface and a second surface of the electrode lead, the lead film adhering the electrode lead to the battery case, the lead film including a first lead film located between the electrode assembly and the asymmetrical notch, and a second lead film located between the asymmetrical notch and a portion of the electrode lead that protrudes out of the battery case.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a hypertube system for detecting a position of a hypertube vehicle, including a hypertube vehicle, a tube configured to surround a travel path of the hypertube vehicle, At least one LiDAR sensor each mounted on an inner wall of the tube and including a laser transmitter configured to irradiate a laser beam toward the hypertube vehicle and a laser receiver configured to detect a laser, and a reflector configured to reflect the laser irradiated from the LiDAR sensor, wherein the reflector may be disposed in the hypertube vehicle, and wherein the laser beam reflected from the reflector reaches the laser receiver of the LiDAR sensor to be used in detecting the position of the hypertube vehicle.

Abstract: A side bolster tilting system of a vehicular seat cushion is provided where a worm portion formed on a rotation shaft of a motor is meshed with a worm gear provided to a female threaded tubular shaft in a lower space of a side bolster, a screw shaft engaged to a lifting member in an idling mode is threaded to an upper portion of the female threaded tubular shaft so that the screw shaft is moved up and down by forward or reverse rotation of the female threaded tubular shaft, and an upper portion of the lifting member is fixed to a support plate for supporting the side bolster. By operation of the motor, the side bolster is moved up and down to provide a driver with convenience when the driver gets on or off, and a leather portion of the side bolster is prevented from being worn out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical article, and an optical filter and an imaging device including the same. The optical article comprises: a near-infrared absorption glass substrate including a divalent copper ion as a chromatic ingredient; and a pigment dispersion layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of the near-infrared absorption glass substrate and having a near-infrared absorption pigment and an ultraviolet absorption pigment dispersed across the resin matrix thereof. Provided with a first and a second transmission cut-off region, the optical article has the advantage of allowing the fabrication of an excellent near-infrared cut-off filter that can effectively block light in near-infrared and ultraviolet bands and does not permit a difference in color sense with the change of incident angles.

Abstract: A camera module provided in an electronic device according to various embodiments of the present invention may comprise an image sensor that comprises a first area which receives an external light and on which an image is formed and a second area which surrounds the first area; and a shielding member that is disposed on the image sensor, corresponds to the second area, and shields electromagnetic waves which are emitted from the image sensor or emitted from the electronic component of the electronic device and introduced into the image sensor. In addition to this embodiment, various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: A battery module includes a cell stack structure formed as a plurality of battery cells stacked and accommodated in a module case. The module case includes at least one hole forming plate having a plurality of resin injection holes formed therein for receiving an adhesive resin therethrough, and the plurality of resin injection holes are distributed on both a left side and a right side of a center of the hole forming plate in a longitudinal direction thereof, such that the resin injection holes on the left side and the right side are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance from the center of the hole forming plate in the longitudinal dimension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle having a rear seat outlet, which can relieve temperature inversion that discharge temperature of the console vent becomes higher than discharge temperature of a rear seat floor vent in a bi-level mode, and prevent reduction of air volume of the console vent in the cooling mode. The air conditioner for a vehicle, which has a rear seat outlet, includes an air-conditioning case having an air passageway formed therein and a plurality of air outlets, and a cooling heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger disposed in the air passageway of the air-conditioning case to exchange heat with air passing through the air passageway, wherein the air outlets include a console vent and a rear seat floor vent, and an entrance of the rear seat floor vent is formed above an entrance of the console vent.

Abstract: A photocatalyst filter is provided. The photocatalyst filter includes: a base in which an internal space is formed. The internal space is permeable to fluid, and a plurality of photocatalyst beads are provided in the internal space, wherein a surface of the internal space is reflective.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control box and to an outdoor unit of an air conditioner comprising the same; the control box using a refrigerant cooling device and an air cooling device so as to radiate heat efficiently. The control box comprises: a case; a heat-radiating electronic component located inside the case; a refrigerant cooling device which is attached to one side of the case and makes contact with the electronic component so as to radiate heat to the outside; and an air cooling device which is attached to one side of the case and has a circulation fan for forcible circulating the air inside the case. Because the present invention is provided both with the refrigerant cooling device and the air cooling device, the electronic component inside the control box can radiate heat efficiently.

Abstract: Provided is a method of separating and purifying a mixture of components having small difference in boiling point, and the method may maximize an energy collecting amount and collect a product to be desired in high purity and high yield.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode assembly, in which a plurality of electrodes are stacked, wherein a negative electrode and a positive electrode are sequentially and alternately stacked, and a separator is disposed therebetween is provided. The method includes covering a top surface of an electrode disposed at an n layer (n being a natural number) with the separator, heating the separator covering the electrode disposed at the n layer, stacking an electrode disposed at an n+1 layer on the heated separator, covering a top surface of the electrode disposed at the n+1 layer with the separator, and heating the separator covering the electrode disposed at the n+1 layer. The separator is bonded to the electrode, or the separators are bonded to each other to fix the movement of the electrode, thereby improving stability. Since the separator is not stacked in the width direction, capacity per volume increases.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes forming an oxide film on a target layer, forming a first mask film on the oxide film, wherein the first mask film contains a semiconductor material and has a first thickness and a first etch selectivity with respect to the oxide film, forming a second mask film on the first mask film, wherein the second mask film contains a metal and has a second thickness smaller than the first thickness and a second etch selectivity larger than the first etch selectivity with respect to the oxide film, forming a second mask film pattern by patterning the second mask film, forming a first mask film pattern by patterning the first mask film, etching some portions of the oxide film by using the second mask film pattern as an etch mask film, and etching the rest of the oxide film by using the first mask film pattern as an etch mask film to form a hole, wherein the target layer is exposed via the hole.

Abstract: Disclosed is an access control apparatus according to the present invention. The access control apparatus includes: a body located on a passage and having a plurality of support frames; an opening and closing part detachably attached between the plurality of support frames to open and close the passage; and a driving part coupled to the body and the opening and closing part to control an operation of the opening and closing part and having an angle control module for adjusting an opening and closing angle of the opening and closing part and a speed control module for setting an opening and closing speed of the opening and closing part, wherein the driving part controls the opening and closing part so that the opening and closing part is stopped from closing at a given angle through the angle control module.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a spatial stream for multi user (MU)-multiple input multiple output (MIMO) in a wireless local area network system and a transmitter for performing the method are provided. The method includes transmitting, to a receiver, a management frame including group information to assign or change a position of a plurality of spatial streams corresponding to each of a plurality of groups, and transmitting, to the receiver, a frame including at least one spatial stream, wherein the group information includes a plurality of group indicators and a plurality of spatial stream (SS) indicators, each of the plurality of group indicators indicating whether the receiver is a member of each of the plurality of groups, each of the plurality of SS indicators indicating a position of the plurality of spatial streams corresponding to each of the plurality of groups.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent display device, including a substrate, an organic light-emitting device on the substrate, and an encapsulation layer formed on the organic light-emitting device and the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and a polymer organic layer alternatingly stacked with an intermediate layer formed of a first organic monomer between the inorganic layer and the polymer organic layer, and one surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the inorganic layer through bonding sites on a surface of the inorganic layer and another surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the organic layer by polymerization.