Abstract: A method of transmitting data in a wireless local access network, the method includes transmitting, by an access point (AP), a request-to-send (RTS) frame to a plurality of receiving stations, the RTS frame including recipient information and channel information, the recipient information indicating the plurality of receiving stations, the channel information indicating a plurality of subchannels allocated to the plurality of receiving stations; receiving, by the AP, a plurality of clear-to-send (CTS) frames from the plurality of receiving stations as a response to the RTS frame, each CTS frame being received through at least one subchannel allocated to a corresponding one of the plurality of receiving stations; and transmitting, by the AP, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) to the plurality of receiving stations, the PPDU including address information indicating the plurality of receiving stations and a plurality of Aggregate-Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Units (A-MPDUs) for the plurality

Abstract: A method for transmitting data in a wireless local area network, the method comprising: receiving, by a receiving station, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) from a transmitting station, the PPDU including a signal-A field, the signal-A field including a bandwidth in which the PPDU is received, decoding the PPDU, wherein, when the PPDU is used for single-user (SU) transmission, the PPDU is decoded with assuming that the PPDU does not include a signal-B field, and, when the PPDU is used for multi-user (MU) transmission, the PPDU is decoded with assuming that the PPDU include the signal-B field, and wherein the signal-B field includes a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used for the receiving station.

Abstract: A method and a transmitting station for transmitting data in a wireless local area network are discussed. The method according to an embodiment includes generating a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU), the PPDU including a Very High Throughput Signal (VHT-SIG) field and a PLCP Service Data Unit (PSDU); and transmitting the PPDU to a receiving station. The VHT-SIG field includes a class type and identification information, the class type indicates that the PPDU is transmitted by an access point (AP) or a non-AP station, the identification information includes a partial identifier formed from a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), and the partial identifier has a length shorter than a length of the BSSID.

Abstract: A communication method based on a power save mode, performed by a station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system is provided. The method includes switching to an awake state; transmitting a wakeup poll frame to an access point (AP) the wakeup poll frame indicating that the station has switched to the awake state; receiving a wakeup confirm frame from the AP in response to the wakeup poll frame, the wakeup poll frame including an awake duration field, the awake duration field indicating an awake duration as a duration in which the station maintains the awake state; and switching to a doze state after the time interval indicated by the awake duration field has lapsed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) frame in a Very High Throughput (VHT) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) to be transmitted to a destination station (STA), generating a PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) by adding a PLCP header, including an L-SIG field containing control information for a legacy STA and a VHT-SIG field containing control information for a VHT STA, to the MPDU, and transmitting the PPDU to the destination STA. A constellation applied to some of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbols of the VHT-SIG field is obtained by rotating a constellation applied to an OFDM symbol of the L-SIG field.

Abstract: A powder plasma processing apparatus is disclosed. The powder plasma processing apparatus is a powder plasma processing apparatus of a circular surface discharge plasma module, and the apparatus includes a plate-like electrode layer serving as an external surface of the circular surface discharge plasma module, an insulating layer disposed on an internal surface of the plate-like electrode layer, and a plasma generating electrode disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the circular surface discharge plasma module rotates, an alternating voltage is applied to the plasma generating electrode and the plate-like electrode layer to generate plasma around the plasma generating electrode, and a powder for plasma processing is processed by the plasma within the circular surface discharge plasma module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting distance and an apparatus for processing images comprising same.

Abstract: Embodiments of a synthetic test circuit for a valve performance test of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) are presented. In some embodiments, the synthetic test circuit comprises a resonance circuit configured to comprise a first test valve to test an operation of an inverter mode and a second test valve to test an operation of a rectifier mode. The synthetic test circuit may comprise a power supply (P/S) configured to provide the resonance circuit with an operating voltage. The synthetic test circuit may comprise a direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter configured to bypass a DC offset current of the resonance circuit. The first test valve may be an inverter unit, which may have a positive DC current offset. Further, the second test valve may be a rectifier unit, which may have a negative DC current offset.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for olefin oligomerization and comprising i) injecting an olefin monomer and a solvent into a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR); ii) injecting an oligomerization catalyst system comprising a ligand compound, a transition metal compound, and a co-catalyst into the continuous stirred tank reactor; and iii) performing a multimerization reaction of the olefin monomer, wherein a ratio of the flowing rates of the olefin monomer and the solvent is from 1:1 to 2:1. In the method for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention, high linear alpha-olefin selectivity may be attained even with a small amount of a solvent used by controlling reaction conditions during the multimerization reaction of olefin by a continuous reaction using a continuous stirred tank reactor.

Abstract: A first wireless device may determine a bandwidth for transmitting a frame, calculate two or more Spatial Reuse (SR) parameter values for the bandwidth, set, using the SR parameter values, first and second SR fields of the frame based on the bandwidth and a channel center frequency in which the bandwidth is carried, and transmit the frame to a second wireless device on the bandwidth. The first and second SR fields may be set to a first value when the bandwidth is a 40 MHz bandwidth and the channel center frequency is in a 2.4 GHz band. The first and second SR fields may be set to the first value when the bandwidth is an 80+80 MHz bandwidth and the channel center frequency is in a 5 GHz band. The first value may be a minimum of SR parameter values for first and second bandwidths in the bandwidth.

Abstract: A wireless device generating a High-Efficiency (HE) PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for transmission sets a Packet Extension Disambiguity bit of an HE Signal-A (HE-SIG-A) field of the HE PPDU based on respective durations of a packet extension of the HE PPDU and a signal extension of the HE PPDU. The wireless device may determine whether a relationship T PE + ( 4 × ? TXTIME - T SE - 20 4 ? - ( TXTIME - T SE - 20 ) ) ? T SYM is satisfied, where TPE is the duration of the packet extension, TXTIME is a transmission time of the HE PPDU, TSE is the duration of the signal extension, and TSYM is a duration of symbols in a data field of the HE PPDU. The wireless device may set the Packet Extension Disambiguity bit to one when the relationship is satisfied; and to zero when the relationship is not satisfied.

Abstract: A foldable device and a method of controlling the same are provided. The foldable device includes: a flexible display which includes a main display area and an edge display area; and a controller which is configured to determine, based on an angle at which the foldable device is unfolded, a range of a partial activation area of the main display area, wherein the range of the partial activation area is partially bounded by a boundary between the edge display area and the main display area.

Abstract: An encryption apparatus includes a setting generator configured to generate an increasing function parameter regarding a predetermined one-way increasing function and a secret key necessary for encryption, and an encryptor configured to generate a first order-preserving encryption area regarding a plaintext using the one-way increasing function where the increasing function parameter is applied, generate a second encryption area regarding the plain text using the secret key, and generate a ciphertext by concatenating the generated first encryption area and the generated second encryption area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium for measuring ball spin. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for measuring ball spin, comprising the steps of: detecting at least one mark appearing in a region corresponding to a ball in each of a plurality of images in which the ball is photographed, wherein a physical quantity of the ball is to be measured; recognizing a mark commonly detected over a first image and a second image that are temporally adjacent, with reference to information on properties of the at least one detected mark in each of the plurality of images, and generating a mark sequence including information on the properties of the recognized mark in the first and second images; and measuring a physical quantity related to spin of the ball with reference to the generated mark sequence.

Abstract: A method is provided for channel sounding in a wireless local area network. A responding station receives a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame and a null data packet (NDP) frame for the channel sounding from a requesting station. The NDP frame follows the NDPA frame. The responding station receives a first poll frame from the requesting station. In response to the first poll frame, the responding station transmits a first feedback data field including beamforming feedback information and signal to noise ratio (SNR) information to the requesting station. The responding station receives a second poll frame including a segment retransmission bitmap field indicating at least one segment of the first feedback data field from the requesting station. In response to the second poll frame, the responding station transmits a second feedback data field including the at least one segment of the first feedback data field to the requesting station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium for compensating brightness of ball images. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for compensating brightness of ball images, comprising the steps of: calculating photographed brightness distribution of a region corresponding to a ball in each of a plurality of images in which the ball is photographed, wherein a physical quantity of the ball is to be measured; and compensating the photographed brightness distribution of the region corresponding to the ball in at least one of the plurality of images, with reference to reference brightness distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium for determining a region of interest for photographing ball images. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for determining a region of interest for photographing ball images, comprising the steps of: recognizing a location of a ball whose physical quantity is to be measured, in a state in which shot preparation is completed; and dynamically determining a region of interest to be photographed to acquire images including an appearance of the ball, with reference to the location of the ball and at least one of a predicted moving direction of the ball and a location of at least one camera configured to photograph the ball.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for a wireless local area includes: generating a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU) to be transmitted to a target station; generating a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) by attaching a PLCP preamble to the MPDU; selecting a transmission channel; and transmitting the PPDU to the target station over the transmission channel. Selecting the transmission channel includes: performing clear channel assessment (CCA) on a first channel to determine whether the first channel is idle; and only after it is determined that the first channel is idle, selecting the first channel and at least one idle second channel as the transmission channel. The PLCP preamble includes channel allocation information indicating a bandwidth of the transmission channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of informing of a service that is performed by a first station (STA) in a wireless LAN system. The method includes receiving a second service informing frame from a second STA, wherein the second service informing frame includes second service information that is the information on a service served by the second STA; and transmitting a first service informing frame. The first service informing frame includes first service information that is the information on a service served by the first STA, and the second service information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for acknowledgement (ACK) transmission in a WLAN. A station receives a plurality of data frames from a plurality of other stations and then transmits an ACK for the plurality of data frames to the plurality of stations. The ACK is a multi-user (MU) block ACK frame which includes a plurality of block ACKs for the plurality of stations. One block ACK includes at least one ACK for at least one data frame that is received from one station.