Abstract: A bonding pad for use in attaching a semiconductor chip to a printed circuit board, includes: a copper layer; an organic layer disposed over the copper layer in a pattern such that part of the copper layer is exposed; and a gold layer disposed over the organic layer and in contact with the exposed part of the copper layer.

Abstract: A re-routing apparatus and method for calculating an optimum path from a path deviated position to an original path in a navigation system, and a navigation system using this apparatus and method are disclosed. When a movable body traveling on a predetermined path provided from a navigation system has deviated from the path, links are selected which meet links extending in a direction having small accumulated travel cost from the deviated position link from among links included in the original path, and then paths traveling from the deviated position to the destination via the selected links are determined as re-routing paths.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for finding a path in a navigation system. The method includes selecting a sectional path option for a specific section selected by a user from an entire section between a start point and an end point, and finding a path in the specific section according to the sectional path option and creating an entire path for an entire section by employing the path in the specific section. Accordingly, a sectional path option different from an entire path operation for an entire path is applied to a specific section desired by a user on an entire path to an end point from a start point, so that it is possible to efficiently apply an option desired by the user to path finding.

Abstract: Disclosed are a navigation apparatus and a method for calculating an optimum travel route thereof.

Abstract: A navigation system using a wireless paging network and a traffic information providing method in the navigation system. The navigation system has a traffic information management server, a paging server and a navigation terminal. The paging server broadcasts real-time information including traffic information and living information (e.g., breaking news) and the navigation terminal provides traffic information with the real-time information to a user. Therefore, no extra communication charges are imposed and real-time traffic information and other living information (e.g., breaking news, incident information, etc.) are provided together with route guidance information.

Abstract: A re-routing apparatus and method for calculating an optimum path from a path deviated position to an original path in a navigation system, and a navigation system using this apparatus and method are disclosed. When a movable body traveling on a predetermined path provided from a navigation system has deviated from the path, links are selected which meet links extending in a direction having small accumulated travel cost from the deviated position link from among links included in the original path, and then paths traveling from the deviated position to the destination via the selected links are determined as re-routing paths.

Abstract: A method for providing navigation information to a navigation terminal user, which allows an ITS terminal to receive navigation information from an information center via a mobile communication terminal, and audibly guides the navigation information to a user. The method for a navigation terminal using a wireless network to receive navigation information related to a predetermined position from an information center includes transmitting position information to the information center via a voice channel, and receiving the navigation information related to the predetermined position from the information center via a data channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are a navigation apparatus and a method for calculating an optimum travel route thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a navigation system. In the navigation system, a navigation device determines route guidance time points using comprehensive route guidance information and sensor information and generates specific route guidance information, a portable terminal provides the comprehensive route guidance information and displays the specific route guidance information received from the navigation device, and a connector connects the portable terminal to the navigation device.

Abstract: A method for providing navigation information to a navigation terminal user. The method allows an ITS terminal to receive navigation information from an information center via a mobile communication terminal, and audibly guides the navigation information to a user. The method for a navigation terminal using a wireless network to receive navigation information related to a predetermined position from an information center comprises the steps of: a) transmitting position information to the information center via a voice channel; and b) receiving the navigation information related to the predetermined position from the information center via a data channel.

Abstract: There is provided a navigation system. In the navigation system, a navigation device determines route guidance time points using comprehensive route guidance information and sensor information and generates specific route guidance information, a portable terminal provides the comprehensive route guidance information and displays the specific route guidance information received from the navigation device, and a connector connects the portable terminal to the navigation device.