Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same, which forms a contact hole, a via hole or a via contact hole with multiple profiles with various taper angles. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor formed on the substrate and having a semiconductor layer, a gate insulating layer, a gate electrode, and an interlayer dielectric, and a contact hole penetrating the gate insulating layer and the interlayer dielectric and exposing a portion of the semiconductor layer. The contact hole has a multiple profile in which an upper portion of the contact hole has a wet etch profile and a lower portion of the contact hole has at least one of the wet etch profile and a dry etch profile.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a vehicle includes a heat radiating portion including first and second connecting lines formed alternately by stacking a plurality of plates, and receiving first and second operating fluids therethrough that heat-exchange with each other while circulating unmixed through the respective first and second connecting lines, a bifurcating portion connecting an inflow hole for flowing one of the first and second operating fluids with an exhaust hole for exhausting the one operating fluid to bypass the heat radiating portion according to a temperature of the one operating fluid, and a valve unit mounted at the inflow hole to selectively open one of the connecting lines by expansion and contraction of deformable material so as to flow the operating fluid selectively to the heat radiating portion or the bifurcating portion according to a temperature of the one operating fluid flowing into the inflow hole.

Abstract: There is provided a high frequency switch including: a first signal transferring unit including a plurality of first switching devices and at least one first diode device individually connected to control terminals of the plurality of first switching devices to enable or block signal flow between a common port transmitting and receiving a first high frequency signal and a first port inputting and outputting the first high frequency signal; and a second signal transferring unit including a plurality of second switching devices and at least one second diode device individually connected to control terminals of the plurality of second switching devices to enable or block signal flow between the common port transmitting and receiving a second high frequency signal and a second port inputting and outputting the second high frequency signal.

Abstract: An active safety apparatus for vehicles and a method of controlling the apparatus, which can actively control the operation of a safety device, such as an airbag device or a seatbelt device installed in a vehicle for restraining a passenger behavior and protecting a passenger in a vehicle collision, based on the conditions of a vehicle collision and the passenger behavior which vary depending on the conditions of the vehicle collision, thereby optimally protecting the passenger for the conditions of the vehicle collision and improving passenger safety of the vehicle.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material including a 3-dimensional nanostructure, wherein the 3-dimensional nanostructure includes a 2-dimensional nanostructure connected to a 1-dimensional nanostructure.

Abstract: Provided are a material for forming a channel layer for a stretchable TFT, a method of preparing a channel layer for a stretchable TFT, a channel layer for a stretchable TFT, and a stretchable TFT. The material for forming the channel layer for the stretchable TFT includes an elastomer, an organic semiconductor material and a solvent. By mixing an elastomer and an organic semiconductor material and forming a thin film, a channel layer having an excellent conductivity and stretchability may be obtained.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device is programmed by performing a plurality of program loops each comprising applying a program voltage to a selected wordline to change a threshold voltage of a selected memory cell, and applying a verification voltage to the selected wordline to verify a program state of the selected memory cell. In each program loop, the nonvolatile memory device determines a program condition and increments the program voltage by an amount determined according to the program condition.

Abstract: A memory device useable with a memory system includes a voltage generator to a plurality of first candidate voltages and a plurality of second candidate voltages, and an X decoder to sequentially apply each of the plurality of first candidate voltages and each of the plurality of second candidate voltages to one or more cells of a memory cell array, and then to apply one of the plurality of first candidate voltages and one of the plurality of second candidate voltages as a first read voltage and a second voltage, respectively, to read data from the cells of the memory cell array according to a characteristic of the cells of the memory cell array.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device includes changing a first read voltage, which determines a first voltage state or a second voltage state, to a voltage within a first range and determining the voltage as a first select read voltage, and changing a second read voltage, which is used to determine whether the data stored in the memory cells is a third different voltage state or a fourth different voltage state, to a voltage within a second different range and determining the voltage as a second select read voltage. The first voltage state overlaps the second voltage. The third voltage state overlaps the fourth voltage state. A difference between a voltage at an intersection of the third and fourth voltage states and the second read voltage is greater than a difference between a voltage at an intersection of the first and second voltage states and the first read voltage.

Abstract: A control method of an electrical thermostat that includes an operating heater heating wax so as to operate an operating valve that may be disposed to close a coolant passage according to an exemplary embodiment of may include detecting a coolant temperature of coolant circulating a coolant passage, determining whether the coolant temperature may be included in a predetermined heating temperature range, performing a coolant heating mode by supplying a predetermined level of power to the operating heater for a predetermined time, if the coolant temperature may be within the heating temperature range, and stopping the coolant heating mode in a condition that the operating valve may be closed.

Abstract: A thermostat apparatus may include a valve body including a first valve, a second valve, wherein the first valve may be integrally connected with the second valve , and a drive portion the drive portion includes a wax case that wax may be charged therein, a piston guide connected to a front end portion of the wax case, a piston that may be slidably inserted into the piston guide and movable in accordance with expansion or contraction of the wax, a semi-fluid that may be charged between the wax and the piston, and a rubber layer that may be formed on an upper end portion surface of the piston to seal a space the piston and an interior circumference of the piston guide.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention discloses a backlight unit having a plurality of light-emitting blocks and a light source driving section. The plurality of light-emitting blocks is arranged in a matrix shape along first and second directions different from each other. Each of the light-emitting blocks includes a light source unit having at least one light-emitting chip to emit light, and a light guiding unit to guide the light. The light source driving section controls the light source unit of the light-emitting blocks to drive the light source unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a disk type parking brake employing a ball-in-ramp type actuator. The parking brake improves a structure of a sealing member installed around a shaft between a caliper housing and a lever member to enhance the braking performance.

Abstract: A system for perfusion and diffusion MR imaging of a portion of patient anatomy includes an RF (Radio Frequency) signal generator for generating RF excitation pulses in anatomy and enabling subsequent acquisition of associated RF echo data. A magnetic field gradient generator generates anatomical volume select magnetic field gradients for phase encoding and readout RF data acquisition in a three dimensional (3D) anatomical volume. The RF signal generator and the gradient generator acquire within a single MR imaging scan, perfusion image data of the 3D volume, at least partially in the presence of contrast agent, and diffusion image data of the 3D volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switching circuit, which can adjust characteristics such as insertion loss, isolation, and reflection loss according to the need by including a plurality of input/output terminals; at least one antenna; a plurality of main switches for connecting or disconnecting between each of the plurality of input/output terminals and the antenna; and a plurality of shunt switches having one ends respectively connected to the plurality of input/output terminals, wherein a voltage of less than 0 is applied to the other end of at least one of the plurality of shunt switches.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device performs a read operation for compensating for coupling due to an adjacent memory cell. With the read operation of the non-volatile memory device, the coupling effect included in a read result of the selected memory cell is compensated on the basis of a program state of an adjacent memory cell adjacent to the selected memory cell. Toward this end, a read operation for the adjacent memory cell is selectively performed before the selected memory cell is read. Upon sensing of data from the selected memory cell, one or more read operations for the selected memory cell are performed according to the program state of the adjacent memory cell with a read voltage being changed in level depending on the program state of the adjacent memory cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for gasification of carbon-containing materials, and more specifically, to a method for gasification of carbon-containing materials which allows an increase in carbon efficiency and a reduction in carbon dioxide emission, comprising the steps of: gasification of carbon-containing materials to methane; thermal decomposition of CH4 to C and H2; and conversion of CO2 to CO using the carbon produced during the decomposition. The method of the present invention greatly increases carbon efficiency and reduces the generation of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged with a separator being interposed therebetween, a case in which the electrode assembly is received, a cap assembly capable of sealing an open end of the case, a gasket interposed between the case and the cap assembly, and a leakage prevention portion formed at one surface of the gasket and/or one surface of the cap assembly, which is oriented toward the electrode assembly and contacted with the gasket.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a tunable capacitance control circuit and a tunable capacitance control method. The tunable capacitance control method is a tunable capacitance control method by a tunable capacitance control circuit including an MIM capacitor, a plurality of FET switches, and a control unit, wherein the control unit outputs control signals allowing only one of the plurality of (n) FET switches to be switched on and the remaining (n-1) FET switches to be switched off to the plurality of FET switches, thereby obtaining a desired tunable capacitance value.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device comprises applying an initial read voltage to a selected wordline to perform a read operation on memory cells connected to the selected wordline, determining whether a read failure occurs with respect to one or more of the memory cells, upon determining that a read failure has occurred with respect to some of the memory cells, determining threshold voltage distribution information for distinct groups of the memory cells, and determining a new read voltage to be applied to the selected wordline based on the threshold voltage distribution information.