Abstract: A percutaneous absorption preparation for the treatment of dementia is disclosed. The percutaneous absorption preparation contains a support layer, a drug-containing layer, and a release layer, wherein the drug-containing layer contains memantine enanthate, a solubilizer, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The percutaneous absorption preparation does not form crystal precipitation, shows high skin permeability, allows easy clinical control of the usable patch area, and allows control of the absorption rate by adjusting the rate of release, thus minimizing skin irritation, and provides an economic benefit of minimal waste of the drug while also preventing overdose of the drug.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of implementing a fault-tolerant mutual exclusion lock. The present invention records in a lock structure the IDs of all processes whose failure can lead to the permanent unavailability of the lock. When a process finds the lock unavailable and suspects a permanent failure, it queries the programming environment about the status of all or some of the processes that could have caused the lock's unavailability. If the programming environment determines that these processes have failed, the live process tries to usurp the lock. If it succeeds, it executes some recovery mechanism and frees the lock or proceeds to operate on the objects protected by the lock. The method guarantees recovery from process failures.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel crystalline forms D1 and D2 of [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-?,?-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemicalcium salt, and hydrates thereof. The crystalline forms D1 and D2 have X-ray powder diffraction peaks described in FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively. Further, the present invention provides processes for preparing the crystalline forms and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline forms. The crystalline forms can be produced on a commercial scale and exhibit excellent stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel crystalline forms D1 and D2 of [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-?,?-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemicalcium salt, and hydrates thereof. The crystalline forms D1 and D2 have X-ray powder diffraction peaks described in FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively. Further, the present invention provides processes for preparing the crystalline forms and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline forms. The crystalline forms can be produced on a commercial scale and exhibit excellent stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to more improved process for preparing 2?-deoxy-2?,2?-difluoronucleoside and its intermediate. The present invention provide a process for preparing an erythro enantiomer in greater than 98% purity, comprising forming a lactone ring by hydrolyzing ethyl (3RS)-2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(2,2-dimethyloxolan-4-yl)propionate is hydrolyzed in the presence of hydrolysis reagents selected from acetic acid or chloroacetic acid, water and a mixture of organic solvents selected from the group comprising acetonilrile, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or toluene, introducing a substituted benzoyl protecting group at the 3-position and 5-position, and recrys- tallizing said erythro enantiomer. Further, the present invention provides a process for selectively preparing, in greater than 99% purity, a beta-anomer 2?-deoxy-2?,2?-difluoronucleoside at the 3?-position and 5?-position that are protected by a substituted benzoyl in a 2:3 alpha/beta anomeric ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of implementing a fault-tolerant mutual exclusion lock. The present invention records in a lock structure the IDs of all processes whose failure can lead to the permanent unavailability of the lock. When a process finds the lock unavailable and suspects a permanent failure, it queries the programming environment about the status of all or some of the processes that could have caused the lock's unavailability. If the programming environment determines that these processes have failed, the live process tries to usurp the lock. If it succeeds, it executes some recovery mechanism and frees the lock or proceeds to operate on the objects protected by the lock. The method guarantees recovery from process failures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of implementing a fault-tolerant mutual exclusion lock. The present invention records in a lock structure the IDs of all processes whose failure can lead to the permanent unavailability of the lock. When a process finds the lock unavailable and suspects a permanent failure, it queries the programming environment about the status of all or some of the processes that could have caused the lock's unavailability. If the programming environment determines that these processes have failed, the live process tries to usurp the lock. If it succeeds, it executes some recovery mechanism and frees the lock or proceeds to operate on the objects protected by the lock. The method guarantees recovery from process failures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of implementing a fault-tolerant mutual exclusion lock. The present invention records in a lock structure the IDs of all processes whose failure can lead to the permanent unavailability of the lock. When a process finds the lock unavailable and suspects a permanent failure, it queries the programming environment about the status of all or some of the processes that could have caused the lock's unavailability. If the programming environment determines that these processes have failed, the live process tries to usurp the lock. If it succeeds, it executes some recovery mechanism and frees the lock or proceeds to operate on the objects protected by the lock. The method guarantees recovery from process failures.