Abstract: A method of predicting membrane fouling in a reverse osmosis process includes collecting information relative to the reverse osmosis process being performed over a predetermined period of time, the collected information including a process factor and a water quality factor, the process factor including a produced water flow rate; calculating a salt removal rate and a pressure drop based on the collected information; normalizing the produced water flow rate, the salt removal rate, and the pressure drop; generating a prediction equation using normalized values of the produced water flow rate, the salt removal rate, and the pressure drop values; and predicting membrane fouling through the generated prediction equation to determine a chemical cleaning time. Process and water quality factors are normalized to temperature and/or flow rate, and the prediction equation uses the normalized factors. Both short-term and long-term predictions are made for chemical cleaning time and membrane module replacement time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of separating rare earth elements from rare earth polishing powder waste by a hydrometallurgical process, the method comprising the steps of: synthesizing sodium rare-earth double sulfates by adding sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide to the rare earth polishing powder waste; converting the sodium rare-earth double sulfates into rare earth hydroxides; and separating cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) from the rare earth hydroxides by adding hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The present invention makes it possible to recover 99% or more of rare earth elements, including cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) from rare earth polishing powder waste, and enables the recovered rare earth elements to be recycled, thereby achieving great industrial economic benefits.

Abstract: A terminal set and an electrical connector are provided. The terminal set includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal has a first base, a first elastic portion extending upward from the first base, and a first contact portion extending backward from the first elastic portion. The second terminal has a second base, a second elastic portion extending upward from the second base, and a second contact portion extending backward from the second elastic portion. The second elastic portion is located in front of the first elastic portion and overlaps with the first elastic portion in a front-rear direction, and the second contact portion does not overlapped with the first elastic portion in an vertical direction, thereby enhancing the density of the terminal set, and increasing contact points of the terminal set in contact with a mating component in a limited space.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a spinner configured to hold a wafer, a nozzle configured to supply a liquid chemical onto an upper surface of the wafer, and a laser module configured to heat the wafer by radiating a laser beam to a lower surface of the wafer while the nozzle supplies the liquid chemical onto the upper surface of the wafer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a hypertube system for detecting a position of a hypertube vehicle, including a hypertube vehicle, a tube configured to surround a travel path of the hypertube vehicle, At least one LiDAR sensor each mounted on an inner wall of the tube and including a laser transmitter configured to irradiate a laser beam toward the hypertube vehicle and a laser receiver configured to detect a laser, and a reflector configured to reflect the laser irradiated from the LiDAR sensor, wherein the reflector may be disposed in the hypertube vehicle, and wherein the laser beam reflected from the reflector reaches the laser receiver of the LiDAR sensor to be used in detecting the position of the hypertube vehicle.

Abstract: An exposure mask includes a first transmission portion, a second transmission portion, and a blocking portion. The first transmission portion is configured to, when illuminated with light, transmit the light at a first energy level. The first transmission portion is disposed in association with formation of a first contact hole in an underlying layer. The second transmission portion is configured to, when illuminated with the light, transmit the light at a second energy level. The second transmission portion is disposed in association with formation of a second contact hole in the underlying layer. The blocking portion is configured to block the light, and is disposed in association with a boundary region between a first region and a second region of the underlying layer. The second transmission portion is further configured to enable the second contact hole to be formed deeper into the underlying layer than the first contact hole.

Abstract: A block type wave power generation apparatus of the present invention comprises: a floating unit for absorbing kinetic energy of waves and moored to the sea by a wire; a base unit for passing the wire extended from the floating unit therethrough and positioning the floating unit within a predetermined area of the sea; a power generation unit for transmitting kinetic energy of the floating unit from the wire passing through the base unit, and converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Abstract: Provided are an image sensor module, an image processing module, and an imaging device including the two modules. The image sensor module includes: a plurality of image sensors: a frame in which the image sensors are mounted to have different imaging angles; and at least one memory configured to store calibration information reflecting distance information generated from images obtained by the image sensors, respectively.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode assembly, in which a plurality of electrodes are stacked, wherein a negative electrode and a positive electrode are sequentially and alternately stacked, and a separator is disposed therebetween is provided. The method includes covering a top surface of an electrode disposed at an n layer (n being a natural number) with the separator, heating the separator covering the electrode disposed at the n layer, stacking an electrode disposed at an n+1 layer on the heated separator, covering a top surface of the electrode disposed at the n+1 layer with the separator, and heating the separator covering the electrode disposed at the n+1 layer. The separator is bonded to the electrode, or the separators are bonded to each other to fix the movement of the electrode, thereby improving stability. Since the separator is not stacked in the width direction, capacity per volume increases.

Abstract: A resistive memory element or device includes: a first, main, memory cell area including a plurality of first resistive memory cells; and a second, buffer, memory cell area including a plurality of second resistive memory cells. The first resistive memory cells of the main memory cell area are configured to store data therein, and the second resistive memory cells of the buffer memory cell area are configured to temporarily store portions of the data therein for at least a stabilization time period while the portions of the data stabilize in the main memory cell area.

Abstract: An optical filter and manufacturing method therefor, a display substrate, and a display apparatus. The optical filter includes: a base substrate; an ordered porous film disposed on the base substrate, wherein the ordered porous film is formed with channels each of which having an extension direction at least at an angle to -the base substrate and having an opening at a surface of the ordered porous film; and a plurality of quantum dots respectively disposed in at least part of the channels. The optical filter, the display substrate having the optical filter and the display apparatus can significantly improve the display colour gamut of the display apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of microbiota research and therapy. In particular, the present disclosure pro-vides compositions and methods for increasing bioavailability of phytochemicals using probiotic bacteria. Compositions and methods described herein include combinations of probiotic bacteria and prebiotic plant glycosides, wherein the probiotic bacteria are capable of converting the prebiotic plant glycosides into aglycones with increased bioavailability.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for connecting electronic devices based on biometric information without a certification server. An electronic device includes a wireless communication unit configured to perform wireless communication with an external device; a biometric recognition module; a memory; and a processor connected to the wireless communication unit, the biometric recognition module, and the memory.

Abstract: A memory device includes: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells, wherein each of the plurality of memory cells includes a switching element, and a data storage element connected to the switching element, wherein the data storage element includes a phase change material; and a memory controller configured to perform a control operation with respect to a first memory cell of the plurality of memory cells by inputting an operating current to the first memory cell, and inputting a compensation current flowing from the data storage element to the switching element in the first memory cell before or after inputting the operating current to the first memory cell.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array, a write/read circuit, a control circuit and an anti-fuse array. The memory cell array includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells. The write/read circuit performs a write operation to write write data in a target page of the memory cell array, verifies the write operation by comparing read data read from the target page with the write data and outputs a pass/fail signal indicating one of a pass or a fail of the write operation based on a result of the comparing. The control circuit controls the write/read circuit and selectively outputs an access address of the target page as a fail address in response to the pass/fail signal. The anti-fuse array in which the fail address is programmed, outputs a repair address that replaces the fail address.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a three-dimensional photodetector and a method of manufacturing the same. The three-dimensional photodetector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a base part formed in the center region of the three-dimensional photodetector; a first bending part formed around the base part; at least one branch part connected to the base part through the first bending part; second bending parts formed on the at least one branch part; bonding parts connected to the at least one branch part through the second bending parts; at least one photoresistor formed on the surface of at least one of the base part and the branch parts; and a stretchable substrate to which the bonding parts are attached, wherein the bonding parts are attached to the stretchable substrate so that the base part has a gap in the thickness direction of the stretchable substrate; and the at least one photoresistor is responsible for tracking the traveling direction of light.

Abstract: One illustrative FinFET device disclosed herein includes a source/drain structure that, when viewed in a cross-section taken through the fin in a direction corresponding to the gate width (GW) direction of the device, comprises a perimeter and a bottom surface. The source/drain structure also has an axial length that extends in a direction corresponding to the gate length (GL) direction of the device. The device also includes a metal silicide material positioned on at least a portion of the perimeter of the source/drain structure for at least a portion of the axial length of the source/drain structure and on at least a portion of the bottom surface of the source/drain structure for at least a portion of the axial length of the source/drain structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte doped with an alkaline earth metal for improving the ionic conductivity thereof and a method of manufacturing the same. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte exhibits high voltage stability and ionic conductivity. Consequently, it is possible to obtain an all-solid-state battery having a large capacity and stable behavior using the sulfide-based solid electrolyte. Li6-2xMexPS5Ha ??[Chemical Formula 1] wherein Me is an alkaline earth metal element, Ha is a halogen element, and 0<x?0.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator including: a second main body including a second camera configured to photograph a second storage chamber; and a first main body including a first display provided on at least one side of the first main body, a first camera configured to photograph a first storage chamber, and a first controller allowing an image captured by the first camera and an image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display. The refrigerator allows information about stored contents stored in a plurality of main bodies to be displayed on a single display, and thus a user may easily manage the stored contents in the plurality of main bodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a natural complex extract. It is confirmed that the composition has synergistic effects on antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, whitening, anti-wrinkle and collagenase inhibition with low cytotoxicity, and therefore, the composition is suitable for uses of antioxidation, immune, whitening and skin anti-wrinkle.