Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a temperature of coolant in a water-cooled battery system, includes a heat exchange module including a passage body configured to receive and circulate the coolant from the circulation line, a heat sink disposed outside the passage body, and a thermoelectric element disposed between the heat sink and the passage body; a shaft part separably coupled to the heat exchange module to stack a plurality of heat exchange modules; a frame part separably coupled to the shaft part to close a front surface, a rear surface, an upper surface and a lower surface of the heat exchange module; and a cooling part coupled to one side of the frame part and configured to discharge external air toward the other opened side of the frame part through a gap of the heat sink by at least one cooling fan.

Abstract: Provided are a water-cooled battery module and a water-cooled battery cooling apparatus using the same. The water-cooled battery module includes a plurality of stacked battery cells, and a cooling unit installed in the plurality of battery cells and configured to cool the plurality of battery cells. The cooling unit includes an inlet pipe to which a coolant is introduced, an outlet pipe spaced apart from the inlet pipe and configured to discharge the coolant introduced from the inlet pipe, and cooling channel units configured to connect the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe and accommodate the coolant introduced from the inlet pipe therein to dissipate heat generated by the plurality of battery cells. The cooling channel units are disposed to be parallel between the plurality of battery cells and disposed to be in surface-contact with the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly having heating/cooling functions may include a heat pipe, a first heat transfer plate having one side surface which is in contact with the heat pipe and the other side surface which is bordered to a battery cell installed in a battery module of an eco-friendly vehicle, and a second heat transfer plate having one side surface which is in contact with the heat pipe and the other side surface which is bordered to another battery cell adjacent to the battery cell, wherein the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate are coupled to each other, and the heat pipe is received between the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon material which is mainly composed of graphene-containing carbon particles is provided. The method includes a step of producing carbon particles from an organic material by maintaining a mixture containing the organic substance as a starting material, hydrogen peroxide and water under conditions of a temperature of 300° C. to 1000° C. and a pressure of 22 MPa or more. The method further includes a step of heat-treating the carbon particles at a higher temperature than the temperature maintained in the carbon particle producing step. The carbon material produced by the present method has a structure in which substances such as ions can easily enter and leave the graphene structures of the carbon particles, making the carbon material be useful as active materials of secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon material which is mainly composed of graphene-containing carbon particles is provided. The method includes a step of producing carbon particles from an organic material by maintaining a mixture containing the organic substance as a starting material, hydrogen peroxide and water under conditions of a temperature of 300° C. to 1000° C. and a pressure of 22 MPa or more. The method further includes a step of heat-treating the carbon particles at a higher temperature than the temperature maintained in the carbon particle producing step. The carbon material produced by the present method has a structure in which substances such as ions can easily enter and leave the graphene structures of the carbon particles, making the carbon material be useful as active materials of secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors.

Abstract: A radiopaque guide pin that is insertable into a pedicle of a vertebra to be used as a guide to determine the proper and safe entry point and angular trajectory for a pedicle screw placed in a pedicle, has a distal part and terminal tip for initial entry of the guide pin, an opposite proximal part that serves as a handle, and a central part that includes a first radiopaque marker spaced proximally from the tip and a stop element spaced proximally from the first marker, the stop element having greater diameter than the distal and central parts of the guide pin and adapted to be stopped by the lamina surface from further advancement into the pedicle. The invention further includes a method for pedicle screw placement using the new pedicle screw guide pin.