Abstract: Generating a random permutation by arranging a sequence N numbers in a matrix, performing random arrangement operations on the rows of the matrix to generate an intermediary matrix, performing random arrangement operations on the columns of the intermediary matrix to generate a second intermediary matrix, and arranging the N numbers of the second intermediary matrix as a rearranged sequence of the N numbers.

Abstract: A multiplication method and a modular multiplier are provided. The multiplication method includes transforming a redundant-form multiplier by adding a recoding constant to the multiplier, performing recoding by using the transformed multiplier, and performing partial multiplication between the multiplier and a multiplicand using result values of the recoding.

Abstract: A modular multiplier and a modular multiplication method are provided. The modular multiplier includes: a first register which stores a previous accumulation value calculated at a previous cycle; a second register which stores a previous quotient calculated at the previous cycle; a quotient generator which generates a quotient using the stored previous accumulation value output from the first register; and an accumulator which receives an operand, a bit value of a multiplier, the stored previous accumulation value, and the stored previous quotient to calculate an accumulation value in a current cycle, wherein the calculated accumulation value is updated to the first register, and the generated quotient is updated to the second register.

Abstract: A modular arithmetic unit includes a first input generator receiving first data to generate a first operand; a second input generator receiving second data to generate a second operand; an accumulator performing an accumulate/shift operation to add the first and second operands and outputting the carry and sum; a carry propagation adder adding the carry and the sum to output a result; and a data handler receiving either external data or the result and outputting the first data and the second data.

Abstract: An electronic multiplier, such as a multiplication circuit, may include a partial product generator, a Booth code encoder and an accumulator. The partial product generator may generate partial product data based on a Booth code and multiplicand data. The Booth code encoder may generate the Booth code based on multiplier data. The Booth code may include a zero-generation Booth code and a zero-avoidance Booth code. The Booth code encoder may selectively generate the zero-generation Booth code or the zero-avoidance Booth code when the partial product data correspond to a partial product of zero. The accumulator accumulates the partial product data to provide a multiplication result of the multiplicand data and the multiplier data.

Abstract: Generating a random permutation by arranging a sequence N numbers in a matrix, performing random arrangement operations on the rows of the matrix to generate an intermediary matrix, performing random arrangement operations on the columns of the intermediary matrix to generate a second intermediary matrix, and arranging the N numbers of the second intermediary matrix as a rearranged sequence of the N numbers.

Abstract: The following description provides a method for preparing electrodes for solar cells, substrates for the solar cell prepared using the same, and the solar cells. The method forms conductive paste on substrates by a printing method and a wet metal plating method, and forms a non-porous cell structure by directly plating a crystallized metal layer on the substrates via etching without using excessive non-crystallized conductive paste or plating the porous conductive paste with metal.

Abstract: A flat panel display device including electrodes facing each other is disclosed. The flat panel display device, including at least one unit discharge cell, includes: a upper and a lower substrates; one or more first partition members for supporting and keeping apart the upper and the lower substrates; and a pair of electrodes, formed on the first partition members, for generating the electric field in discharge space of the unit discharge cell, wherein the pair of electrodes are formed on one or more leteral faces which are in contact with the discharge space among all the lateral faces of the first partition members, the pair of electrodes facing each other at a right angle, and wherein intenal space is formed inside of the first partition members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phased array antenna, which is configured such that a plurality of radiation elements, having high reception efficiency for radio waves incident at a tilt angle, is arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, thus attaining high reception efficiency, and which adjusts radio waves, incident through a radome for protecting the antenna, to a desired tilt angle, thus further increasing radio wave reception efficiency. For this purpose, the present invention includes a printed circuit board provided with a plurality of electrical and electronic devices for processing radio waves received from a satellite; and a plurality of radiation elements arranged and mounted on the printed circuit board in a plurality of rows and columns, formed such that the radiation characteristic for the received radio waves is maximized at the tilt angle, and formed in a helical or monopolar form to be optimized for the radio waves received at the tilt angle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing mulberry leaf powder and ice cream containing thereof. More particularly, the present invention could provide a method for preparing mulberry leaf powder by blanching mulberry leaf in an aqueous solution containing 0.05˜0.5% of sodium bicarbonate, and drying and pulverizing said mulberry leaf. And ice cream of the present invention is prepared by mixing said mulberry leaf powder in an amount of 0.5˜5% by weight of the total ice cream with the mix base for ice cream. The ice cream products containing mulberry leaf powder of the present invention are functional as well as palatable.