Abstract: An apparatus includes a bracket, a pushing member having a pushing surface, a magazine member to fitting about a plurality of clamping rings, a sending member, a fixing member fixed to the bracket and a resisting member fixed to the fixing member. The fixing member defines a positioning hole for fixing the magazine member, with the clamping rings freely sliding through the positioning hole. The sending member includes two guiding rods fixed to the fixing member, two elastic elements fitting about the corresponding guiding rods, and a moving board slidably mounted to the guiding rods. The elasticity of the elastic elements urges the moving board to drive one of the plurality of clamping rings to resist against the resisting member. When the pushing member is moved towards the fixing member, the pushing surface pushes the one clamping ring to clamp a shaft of a connecting piece.

Abstract: A dosing control system comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) analysis module and a dosing management module. The SCR analysis module estimates an ammonia (NH3) slip rate downstream of an SCR catalyst, an NH3 conversion rate, an NH3 supply rate, and an NH3 oxidation rate. The SCR analysis module estimates an NH3 rate of change based on the NH3 slip, conversion, supply, and oxidation rates and estimates an NH3 storage change based on the NH3 rate of change. The SCR analysis module estimates NH3 stored by the SCR catalyst based on the NH3 storage change. The dosing management module controls dosing agent injection into an exhaust system upstream of the SCR catalyst based on the NH3 stored by the SCR catalyst.

Abstract: A set-top box (STB) includes a memory, a first tuner, a second tuner, and a decoder. The first tuner is configured for playing a current program on a current channel when in play mode, and for locking one or more subsequent channels after the current channel, and storing the intra frames from the programs on the subsequent channels in the memory when in browse mode. The second tuner is configured for storing the intra frames from the favorite programs in the memory when in play mode, and for storing the intra frame from the current program on the current channel in the memory when in browse mode. The decoder is configured for decoding the current program on the current channel into video and audio when in play mode, and for decoding the intra frames from the favorite programs in memory into images when in browse mode. A digital information system and a program browsing method are also provided.

Abstract: A dosing control system comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) analysis module and a dosing management module. The SCR analysis module estimates an ammonia (NH3) slip rate downstream of an SCR catalyst, an NH3 conversion rate, an NH3 supply rate, and an NH3 oxidation rate. The SCR analysis module estimates an NH3 rate of change based on the NH3 slip, conversion, supply, and oxidation rates and estimates an NH3 storage change based on the NH3 rate of change. The SCR analysis module estimates NH3 stored by the SCR catalyst based on the NH3 storage change. The dosing management module controls dosing agent injection into an exhaust system upstream of the SCR catalyst based on the NH3 stored by the SCR catalyst.