Abstract: The invention provides a fuel supply control system for fuel cells, controlling fuel concentration in a fuel unit. The fuel supply control system comprises a first thermal meter detecting a system temperature of the fuel cell, a fuel supply device comprising a fuel tank storing highly concentrated fuel and a fuel deliver device delivering fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel unit to adjust fuel concentration thereof, and a controller calculating a difference between a predetermined and an environmental temperature, generating a first velocity by adjusting the predetermined fuel supply velocity according to the temperature difference, and setting the delivery velocity of the fuel delivering device according to the first velocity.

Abstract: The method and system for providing a spin tunneling element are disclosed. The method and system include depositing a pinned layer, a barrier layer, and a free layer. The barrier layer has a first crystal structure and a texture. The free layer includes a first ferromagnetic layer and a second ferromagnetic layer. The first ferromagnetic is adjacent to the second ferromagnetic layer and between the second ferromagnetic layer and the barrier layer. The first ferromagnetic layer has the first crystal structure and the texture, while the second ferromagnetic layer has a second crystal structure different from the first crystal structure.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetoresistive structure are described. The magnetoresistive structure includes a first electrode, an insertion layer, a crystalline tunneling barrier layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode includes at least a first magnetic material and boron. The crystalline tunneling barrier layer includes at least one constituent. The insertion layer has a first boron affinity. The at least one constituent of the crystalline tunneling barrier layer has at least a second boron affinity that is less than the first boron affinity. The second electrode includes at least a second magnetic material.

Abstract: A base station subsystem (1000), a TMA part (100) and a RBS part (150) of a communication system employing TDD; and respective methods are provided for synchronizing the RBS part of the base station subsystem (1000) with the TMA part (100) The RBS part (150) comprises an RBS modem (160) adapted to generate a switch signal comprising a switch command word, and to further send the switch signal to a TMA modem (110).The TMA modem (110) is adapted to demodulate the switch signal and to compare the switch command word with switch command words stored in a register. When any of the switch command words in the register (111) matches the switch command word of the demodulated switch signal, the TMA modem (110) is configured to generate a control signal for controlling a switch of the TMA part for synchronizing the RBS part (150) with the TMA part.

Abstract: A method for managing Internet Protocol (IP) tunnels is provided. The method is executed by a local host. There is at least one IP tunnel planned between the local host and a remote host. The method comprises the following steps. If the local addresses of the tunnels include dynamic IP addresses, acquire the dynamic IP addresses. All tunnels with known remote addresses are built. If there are known remote addresses and the local addresses include dynamic IP addresses, send a notification to the remote host, wherein the notification includes all local dynamic IP addresses. If any local address changes, all tunnels with changed local addresses and known remote addresses are rebuilt. A message is received from the remote host and classified. If the message is a notification, the tunnels are updated according to the remote addresses included in the message, and an acknowledgement is sent back to the remote host.

Abstract: A method and system define a magnetoresistive junction in a magnetic recording transducer. The method and system include performing a first mill at a first angle from a normal to the surface of the magnetic recording transducer. A second mill is performed at a second angle from the normal to the surface. The second angle is larger than the first angle. A third mill is performed at a third angle from the normal to the surface. The third angle is not larger than the first angle.

Abstract: A method and system provide a magnetic transducer that includes an underlayer. The method and system include providing a recessed region in the underlayer. The recessed region includes a front having an angle from horizontal. The angle is greater than zero and less than ninety degrees. The method and system further includes providing an assist pole layer in the recessed region and providing a main pole layer. A portion of the main pole layer resides on the assist pole layer. A main pole is defined from the assist pole layer and the main pole layer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) head comprises a PMR pole having at least one side, a bottom, and a top wider than the bottom, a first portion of the at least one side being substantially vertical, a second portion of the at least one side being nonvertical, the top portion having a width not greater than one hundred fifty nanometers. The PRM head further comprises a nonmagnetic layer surrounding the bottom and the at least one side of the PMR pole, an intermediate layer substantially surrounding at least the second portion of the at least one side of the PMR pole, and a hard mask layer adjacent to the first portion of the at least one side of the PMR pole.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) head comprises a PMR pole having at least one side, a bottom, and a top wider than the bottom, a first portion of the at least one side being substantially vertical, a second portion of the at least one side being nonvertical, the top portion having a width not greater than one hundred fifty nanometers. The PMR head further comprises a nonmagnetic layer surrounding the bottom and the at least one side of the PMR pole, an intermediate layer substantially surrounding at least the second portion of the at least one side of the PMR pole, and a planarization stop layer adjacent to the first portion of the at least one side of the PMR pole.

Abstract: A characteristic tracking method for a battery module including at least one battery is disclosed. A look-up table is provided according to a primary characteristic of the battery. It is determined whether a battery has satisfied a preset condition when the battery module is operated from a usage state to an idling state. The battery is measured to have obtained a first voltage and a real capacity when the battery satisfies the preset condition. The measured first voltage is utilized to locate a table capacity of the battery from the look-up table. The look-up table is updated according to the real capacity and the table capacity. A peripheral circuit of characteristic tracking method has been exhibited.

Abstract: One embodiment in accordance with the invention is a method that comprises testing a first number of physical devices using a first test sequence that comprises an item. A second number of physical devices are tested using a second test sequence. It is noted that the second test sequence comprises the item of the first test and a second item.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a PMR transducer including an intermediate layer. The method and system include providing a hard mask layer on the intermediate layer. The hard mask layer is for a reactive ion etch of the intermediate layer. The method and system also include providing a bottom antireflective coating (BARC) layer on the hard mask layer. The BARC layer is also a masking layer for the hard mask layer. The method and system also include forming a trench in the intermediate layer using at least one reactive ion etch (RIE). The trench has a bottom and a top wider than the bottom. The method and system also include providing a PMR pole. At least a portion of the PMR pole resides in the trench.

Abstract: A method of yield management for semiconductor manufacture and an apparatus thereof are provided. The method includes the following steps. Defect data of a layer of a semiconductor wafer is obtained, wherein the defect data includes sizes and locations of defects with respect to the layer. A layout with respect to the layer is obtained. And a critical area analysis is performed in parallel for the layer by a plurality of processing devices according to the defect data and the layout to determine locations of defects falling into a critical area of the layer among the locations of the defects.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a PMR pole in a magnetic recording transducer including an intermediate layer are disclosed. The method and system include providing a mask including a line on the intermediate layer. The method further include providing a hard mask layer on the mask and removing the line. Thus, an aperture in the hard mask corresponding to the line is provided. The method and system also include forming a trench in the intermediate layer under the aperture. The trench has a bottom and a top wider than the bottom. The method further includes providing a PMR pole, at least a portion of which resides in the trench.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a PMR pole in a magnetic recording transducer including an intermediate layer are disclosed. The method and system include providing a mask including a line on the intermediate layer. The line has at least one side, a top, and a bottom. The side(s) have an undercut such that the top of the line is wider than the bottom. The method further include providing a hard mask on the PMR transducer. The hard mask includes an aperture corresponding to the line. Thus, an aperture in the hard mask corresponding to the line is provided. The method and system also include forming a trench in the intermediate layer under the aperture. The trench has a bottom and a top wider than the bottom. The method further includes providing a PMR pole, at least a portion of which resides in the trench.

Abstract: A method for providing a perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) transducer is described. The PMR transducer provided includes a PMR pole and yoke structure coupled with the PMR pole. The method includes providing a hard mask and an intermediate layer. A first portion of the hard mask resides on the PMR pole. A second portion of the hard mask resides on another structure. The intermediate layer surrounds at least the PMR pole. The method also includes performing a planarization on at least the intermediate layer, removing the first portion of the hard mask on the PMR pole without completely removing the second portion of the hard mask on the other structure. The method further includes removing a remaining portion of the hard mask on the other structure, providing a write gap on the PMR pole, and providing a shield on the write gap.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a magnetic transducer having an air-bearing surface (ABS) are described. The magnetic transducer includes a base layer, a perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) pole on the base layer, an additional pole, a write shield, a write gap between the PMR pole and a portion of the write shield, and coil(s) that energize at least the additional pole. The base layer includes a first portion proximate to the ABS and a second portion recessed from the ABS. The first portion is nonmagnetic, while the second portion is magnetic. The PMR pole has a first front portion proximate to the ABS. The additional pole has a second front portion recessed from the ABS. At least a portion of the additional pole resides between the PMR pole and write shield. At least a portion of the write gap resides on the front portion of the PMR pole.

Abstract: A method for providing a perpendicular magnetic recording head includes providing a metal underlayer and forming a trench in the metal underlayer. The trench has a bottom and a top wider than the bottom. The method also includes providing a PMR pole. At least a portion of the PMR pole resides in the trench. The method also includes providing a write gap on the PMR pole and providing a top shield on at least the write gap.

Abstract: The invention provides a power management method for a hybrid power supply, comprising providing a primary power source, providing a rechargeable battery, providing a DC-DC converter, acquiring an amount of the power stored in the rechargeable battery, and when the energy level of the rechargeable battery does not exceed a first predetermined value, the DC-DC converter controls the primary power source to output a first value of a first electrical parameter.