Abstract: Disclosed is a water treatment system capable of inhibiting the occurrence of membrane fouling during water treatment at a relatively low cost without reducing water permeability of a filtration membrane. The water treatment system includes a biological treatment unit for biological treatment of wastewater and a membrane unit for filtration of the wastewater treated by the biological treatment unit, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the biological treatment unit and the membrane unit includes a plurality of quorum quenching media confined in a predetermined space therein.

Abstract: A data transportation/reception apparatus and method in a mobile communication system. The data transportation apparatus and method divides transport data bits into bits having higher priority and bits having lower priority, maps the bits having higher priority to bit positions having higher reliability, and maps the bits having lower priority to bit positions having lower reliability. The data reception apparatus and method demodulates received modulated symbols, divides the demodulated coded bits into two coded bit groups according to priority, deinterleaving the coded bit groups using different deinterleavers, and decodes the deinterleaved coded bits.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for reselecting a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) in a mobile communication terminal. The method includes requesting the updating of location registration to a target PLMN after storing current system information, determining whether a Subscriber Identify Module (SIM) card is valid when it fails to update the location registration, and resetting the SIM card to a previous state and then, reading the stored current system information to request the updating of location registration in the current PLMN when the SIM card is invalid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving turbo code performance in a communication system are provided. In the apparatus, a bit inserter inserts a predetermined number of bits into a transmission information bit stream, if the effective coding rate of a transmission packet is a predetermined coding rate. A turbo encoder turbo-encodes a bit stream received from the bit inserter and outputting code symbols. A rate matcher matches the code symbols to a predetermined size.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for preventing successive failures in a call connection in a mobile communication terminal. When a call connection is attempted, a cell with the highest RX power is selected among cells and an RRC Connection Request message is transmitted from the mobile terminal to a BS of the selected cell. It is determined whether the mobile terminal receives an RRC Connection Accept/Reject message from the BS. If the mobile terminal receives an RRC Connection Reject message from the BS of the selected cell, it is determined whether the selected cell is able to perform the RRC connection by detecting a Connection Reject message frequency that is the number of times of rejection of an RRC connection request for a predetermined period. If the selected cell is not able to perform the RRC connection, a neighboring cell is reselected and an RRC Connection Request message is transmitted to the reselected neighboring cell.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving an HS-SCCH in a wideband wireless communication system. In a method for transmitting control information in an HARQ wireless communication system, an ACK/NACK fed back from a receiver is monitored to determine if an ACK/NACK repetition factor needs to be adjusted. If the adjustment is needed, the ACK/NACK repetition factor is determined. Control information corresponding to the ACK/NACK repetition factor is transmitted to the receiver over a predetermined control channel. A Node B capable of directly detecting the uplink channel conditions, adjusts the ACK/NACK repetition factor and the adjusted ACK/NACK repetition factor is rapidly transmitted to a UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving data produced by mapping high-priority bits to a high-reliability bit position and low-priority bits to a low-reliability bit position in symbols, in a receiver in a mobile communication system. The apparatus includes a demodulator for demodulating the high-priority bits from the high-reliability bit position and the low-priority bits from the low-reliability bit position in the symbols; a position exchange for exchanging the position of the high-priority bits with the position of the low-priority bits in an original order if a transmitter has exchanged the bit positions; a controller for controlling the positions of the high-priority bits and the low-priority bits according to whether the transmitter has exchanged the bit positions; and a combiner for combining the high-priority bits and the low-priority bits with previously received same bits.

Abstract: Provided is a method for measuring a neighbor cell signal in a portable terminal includes acquiring a minimum required quality level value and a threshold for an intra-frequency measurement from received system information; calculating a measured cell quality value after the acquiring step; and commencing a neighbor cell signal measurement for an intra-frequency cell reselection when a value acquired by subtracting the minimum required quality level value from the measured cell quality value is less than or equal to a value acquired by adding the threshold and a certain signal strength value over a certain time. In the neighbor cell signal measurement for the cell reselection, the unnecessary neighbor cell signal measurement can be avoided to reduce the power consumption and extend the battery lifetime.

Abstract: A data transportation/reception apparatus and method in a mobile communication system. The data transportation apparatus and method divides transport data bits into bits having higher priority and bits having lower priority, maps the bits having higher priority to bit positions having higher reliability, and maps the bits having lower priority to bit positions having lower reliability. The data reception apparatus and method demodulates received modulated symbols, divides the demodulated coded bits into two coded bit groups according to priority, deinterleaving the coded bit groups using different deinterleavers, and decodes the deinterleaved coded bits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data transportation/reception apparatus and method in a mobile communication system. The data transportation apparatus and method divides transport data bits into bits having higher priority and bits having lower priority, maps the bits having higher priority to bit positions having higher reliability, and maps the bits having lower priority to bit positions having lower reliability. The data reception apparatus and method demodulates received modulated symbols, divides the demodulated coded bits into two coded bit groups according to priority, deinterleaving the coded bit groups using different deinterleavers, and decodes the deinterleaved coded bits.

Abstract: A method for retransmitting coded bits by a transmitter in response to a retransmission request from a receiver in a mobile communication system. The method comprises determining a modulation technique to be used at retransmission as a modulation technique having a lower modulation order than a modulation technique used at initial transmission; determining a puncturing pattern according to an HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) type, and selecting as many coded bits as the number of coded bits that can be symbol-mapped by the determined modulation technique, among the coded bits punctured by the determined puncturing pattern; and symbol-mapping the selected coded bits by the determined modulation technique, and transmitting the symbol-mapped coded bits to the receiver.

Abstract: A method for retransmitting coded bits by a transmitter in response to a retransmission request from a receiver in a mobile communication system. The method comprises determining a modulation technique to be used at retransmission as a modulation technique having a lower modulation order than a modulation technique used at initial transmission; determining a puncturing pattern according to an HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) type, and selecting as many coded bits as the number of coded bits that can be symbol-mapped by the determined modulation technique, among the coded bits punctured by the determined puncturing pattern; and symbol-mapping the selected coded bits by the determined modulation technique, and transmitting the symbol-mapped coded bits to the receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for improving the performance of an error correction code in response to the influence of error propagation are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the performance of an error correction code against the effects of error waves in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communication system are provided. In a receiver of the MIMO communication system, a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) receiver unit estimates transmitted signals from at least two paths using signals received at each of receive antennas, a signal deprocessor selects one of the estimated signals, stores the other estimated signal, assigns weighting values to the selected signal and a previous detected signal, combines the weighted signals, and detects transmitted data from the combined signal, a signal reproducer reproduces a transmitted signal from the detected transmitted data, and a subtractor updates the received signals by subtracting the reproduced transmitted signal from the received signals and provides them to the MMSE receiver unit.

Abstract: A transmitting/receiving apparatus and method for packet retransmission in a mobile communication system. Upon request for a retransmission from a receiver, a transmitter inverts initially transmitted coded bits if the retransmission is odd-numbered for the same data, modulates the inverted bits, and transmits the modulated bits to the receiver. Then the receiver recovers the coded bits by demodulation. If the coded bits are retransmitted an odd number of times, the receiver decodes the coded bits after inversion. Thus the error probabilities of initial transmission bits and retransmission bits are averaged in effect and decoding performance is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method capable of effectively allocating sub-carriers for a plurality of users and transmitting the sub-carriers to users through multiple antennas in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDMA) mobile communication system are provided. A sub-carrier allocation method reduces transmission power by taking a desired bit rate and power budget into consideration. The sub-carriers are optimally allocated to each antenna, so that peak to average power ratio (PARR) is reduced and Quality of Service (QoS) is improved. The apparatus and the method are adaptable for multi-users and obtain space diversity gain through multiple antennas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for assigning sub-carriers in an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system are disclosed. In the apparatus and method, data is transmitted through at least one transmit antenna. At least two sub-carriers in a predetermined frequency band are assigned to a user equipment (UE), for data transmission. A Node B groups sub-carriers available to the OFDM system into sub-carrier groups, each having at least two sub-carriers, transmits data to the UE on sub-carriers in the sub-carrier groups, selects at least one sub-carrier group for the UE based on channel condition information about each of the sub-carrier groups received from the UE, and assigns the selected sub-carrier group to the UE.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data transmission/reception apparatus and method for minimizing decoding errors during high-speed packet transmission in a CDMA mobile communication system. When retransmitting data in the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (“H-ARQ”) technique, the data transmission/reception apparatus and method performs symbol mapping on coded bits to be retransmitted by allocating different reliabilities to the coded bits according to the number of retransmissions, thus resulting in an improvement of system performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving an HS-SCCH in an HSDPA communication system including an HS-DSCH shared among a plurality of UEs and spread with a plurality of channelization codes, and the HS-SCCH for transmitting control information related with the HS-DSCH to enable the UEs to receive the shared channel. In the HS-SCCH transmitting apparatus, the control information is prioritized according to its processing urgency degree. High-priority control information and low-priority control information are generated and encoded in different encoding methods. Then the high-priority control information and the low-priority control information are multiplexed to a control channel signal such that the high-priority control information precedes the low-priority control information.

Abstract: A de-rate matching method and apparatus in a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) system are provided.