Abstract: A transparent conductive film includes a metal chalcogenide compound doped with a halogen and having a sheet resistance at room temperature of less than or equal to about 60 ohm/sq.

Abstract: A memory module includes a plurality of first memory chips and a second memory chip. Raw data is stored in the plurality of first memory chips. Parity data generated based on the raw data is stored in the second memory chip. Each of the first memory chips and the second memory chip is configured to exchange data with a controller based on a burst length unit. The second memory chip stores a first parity data generated from the raw data by a first error correction method, and stores a second parity data generated from the raw data and the first parity data by a second error correction method.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an electronic device. According to the present technology, a memory controller may include a training controller, a training data storage, and a machine learning processor. The training controller may perform training of correcting interface signals exchanged with a memory device, generate training data that is a result of the training, and output the training data as sample training data based on a comparison result of a training reference and the training data. The training data storage may store training history information including plural pieces of sample training data. The machine learning processor may update the training reference through machine learning based on the training history information.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first board including a plurality of first insulating layers and a plurality of first wiring layers disposed between the plurality of first insulating layers, respectively; and a second board disposed on one surface of the first board and including a plurality of second insulating layers and a plurality of second wiring layers disposed on or between the plurality of second insulating layers, respectively. At least one of the plurality of first insulating layers has a thickness less than a thickness of at least one of the plurality of second insulating layers. The first board further includes a through-via penetrating each of the plurality of first insulating layers and connected to one of the plurality of second wiring layers.

Abstract: A multiphase flow cylindrical model test system includes a loading structure, a multiphase flow displacement model bucket, a data acquisition and analysis system, a flexible seepage model bucket and a dynamic control system. A multi-parameter test method in the displacement process of pollutants in three-dimensional multi-field and multiphase media is reasonably configured based on the sequential and superimposed application requirements of heat and steam in the thermal enhanced soil vapor extraction process.

Abstract: A hydronic heating pad includes a control unit and a blanket pad connected to the control unit. The blanket pad includes a warm water region. The control unit includes a water reservoir tank, a heating pipe, an outlet pipe, and at least one return pipe. The heating pipe, the outlet pipe, and at least one return pipe are disposed on the water reservoir tank. The outlet pipe and the at least one return pipe extend into the warm water region, whereby the outlet pipe, the at least one return pipe, and the warm water region form a circulating water channel. The outlet pipe is provided with a water pump. The at least one return pipe is provided with a temperature-sensitive solenoid valve. The blanket pad includes at least two layers of waterproof fabrics. The warm water region is a hermetic region and includes a plurality of first polygon patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method of a memory device that includes a memory block including a plurality of cell transistors stacked in a direction perpendicular to a substrate. The plurality of cell transistors may include a ground selection transistor and an erase control transistor. The erase control transistor may be between the substrate and the ground selection transistor. The operation method may include performing a first erase operation on the ground selection transistor, performing a first program operation on the erase control transistor after the first erase operation, performing a second program operation on the ground selection transistor after the first program operation, and performing a second erase operation on the erase control transistor after the second program operation.

Abstract: A system for remote wireless charging for an electric vehicle using OOFDMA and Risley prisms is proposed. The system includes a receiver configured to transmit location of the receiver and photovoltaic panel size information as a power request signal through V2I, and a transmitter configured to control power transmission based on the information on the power request signal, control a distance between the prisms according to the location of the receiver and the size of a photovoltaic panel, transmit transmission power information (PowerInfo) for all laser signals to be received by the photovoltaic panel, and rotate the Risley prisms by a predetermined angle, wherein the transmitter, after generating the transmission power information for each wavelength by OOFDM, transmits the signals to areas where the power transmission is available when the prisms are rotated by the predetermined angle, thereby reducing time to find exact locations of the receiver and photovoltaic panel.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of providing a tamper-resistant watermark to a neural network model, including: receiving a training sample for watermarking; receiving verification data about the neural network; generating a digital signature based at least on the verification data; generating a certificate for the neural network model, the certificate including the digital signature and the verification data used in the generation of the digital signature; generating a watermark pattern based on the certificate; combining the watermark pattern with the training sample to generate a watermarked training sample; pairing the watermarked training sample with a watermark classification label; and providing to the neural network model the paired watermarked training sample and watermark classification label for training.

Abstract: A flexible gastight material for a landfill site includes a component A and a component B, the component A including: at least one of polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 600-4000, polytetrahydrofuran diol with a molecular weight of 1000-3000, polycaprolactone diol with a molecular weight of 1000-3000, and polycarbonate diol with a molecular weight of 1000-3000; and at least one of 2,4?-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4?-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The flexible gastight material for the landfill site provided in the present application has a micro-closed-cell foam structure. The closed-cell elastic structure of the flexible gastight material may block the volatilization of toxic and harmful odors, and may cut off the diffusion path of the odors by combining with gas treatment systems at the landfill site. The flexible gastight material has excellent water blocking and gas sealing performance.

Abstract: A memory module includes a plurality of first memory chips and a second memory chip. Raw data is stored in the plurality of first memory chips. Parity data generated based on the raw data is stored in the second memory chip. Each of the first memory chips and the second memory chip is configured to exchange data with a controller based on a burst length unit. The second memory chip stores a first parity data generated from the raw data by a first error correction method, and stores a second parity data generated from the raw data and the first parity data by a second error correction method.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a rendering server. The method includes identifying at least one object from image information, generating a rendered image for the at least one object, transmitting the rendered image to be displayed on a user terminal, extracting at least one piece of event information corresponding to a specific time period from the image information, and providing the at least one piece of event information to a host server to be synchronized according to the specific time period.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a photodiode within a semiconductor substrate and configured to sense light in an infrared wavelength spectrum of light, a photoelectric conversion device on the semiconductor substrate and configured to sense light in a visible wavelength spectrum of light, and a filtering element configured to selectively transmit at least a portion of the infrared wavelength spectrum of light and the visible wavelength spectrum of light. The filtering element may include a plurality of color filters on the photoelectric conversion device. The photoelectric conversion device may include a pair of electrodes facing each other and a photoelectric conversion layer between the pair of electrodes and configured to selectively absorb light in a visible wavelength spectrum of light. The filtering element may be between the semiconductor substrate and the photoelectric conversion device and may selectively absorb the infrared light and selectively transmit the visible light.

Abstract: A fresh product cold chain distribution device and a distribution method are provided. The fresh product cold chain distribution device comprises a self-service pickup cabinet and at least one refrigeration logistics box; the self-service fresh product pickup cabinet comprises a cabinet body, an air channel cover panel, a scanner, a touch display screen, a power supply plug, and a control panel; the self-service fresh product pickup cabinet is internally provided with an air circulation system consisting of an exhaust channel, exhaust holes of the self-service pickup cabinet unit cell, exhaust holes of the exhaust channel, an inlet channel, inlet holes of the inlet channel, and inlet holes of the self-service pickup cabinet unit cell; the cabinet body comprises a plurality of unit cells; the refrigeration logistics box comprises a box body, a quick-connection plug board, a refrigeration device, a temperature selection switch, and an identification.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer having a recess portion in one surface of the first insulating layer; a first circuit pattern embedded in the first insulating layer and being in contact with a lower surface of the recess portion; a second insulating layer disposed on the one surface of the first insulating layer to be disposed in at least a portion of the recess portion; and a via penetrating through at least a portion of the second insulating layer, disposed in the recess portion, and connected to the first circuit pattern.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: an insulating member; a first wiring layer disposed in the insulating member, and including first and second pattern layers spaced apart from each other based on a thickness direction of the printed circuit board; and a second wiring layer disposed in the insulating member, and spaced apart from the first pattern layer over the first pattern layer based on the thickness direction. Based on the thickness direction, an insulation distance between the first pattern layer and the second pattern layer is smaller than an insulation distance between the first pattern layer and the second wiring layer, and each of the first and second pattern layers is thinner than the second wiring layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric device includes a first photoelectric conversion layer including a heterojunction that includes a first p-type semiconductor and a first n-type semiconductor, a second photoelectric conversion layer on the first photoelectric conversion layer and including a heterojunction that includes a second p-type semiconductor and a second n-type semiconductor. A peak absorption wavelength (?max1) of the first photoelectric conversion layer and a peak absorption wavelength (?max2) of the second photoelectric conversion layer are included in a common wavelength spectrum of light that is one wavelength spectrum of light of a red wavelength spectrum of light, a green wavelength spectrum of light, a blue wavelength spectrum of light, a near infrared wavelength spectrum of light, or an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum of light, and a light-absorption full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the second photoelectric conversion layer is narrower than an FWHM of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of providing content in a metaverse environment, the method including: providing, by a content providing apparatus, content to a user of a metaverse; acquiring, by the content providing apparatus, user responsiveness information of the user corresponding to the content; acquiring, by the content providing apparatus, a user responsiveness based on the user responsiveness information using a multimodal artificial intelligence model; and providing, by the content providing apparatus, modified content based on the user responsiveness to the metaverse environment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for generating a virtual concert environment in a metaverse. The method may include collecting data related to a virtual concert, generating a multi-feature layer map for reflecting features of respective elements constituting a virtual concert environment based on the data and generating a virtual concert environment based on the multi-feature layer map, and aligning and matching an object in the virtual concert environment based on virtual space coordinates of a metaverse space.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system and an operating method of the system. Based on some embodiments of the disclosed technology, the system may include a random access memory structured to include memory cells to store data, a cache memory configured to cache at least part of the data, and a processor in communication with the random access memory and the cache memory to access at least part of the data from the random access memory or cache memory. The system may determine a cache hit ratio for the cache memory, and may set an operating frequency of the random access memory based on the cache hit ratio.