Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for managing networks. The method includes defining a set of managed objects of each of the networks to be managed, sending a request for information about the set of managed objects to an agent of the networks to be managed, and recognizing manageable managed objects based on information representing the managed objects, which is transmitted from the agent in response to the request. A network manager requests, receives, and obtains information about managed objects of each of sensor networks, especially heterogeneous sensor networks, thereby managing the heterogeneous sensor networks in an integrated way.

Abstract: A client, a computer-readable recording medium, and method for acquiring a uniform resource identifier are provided. The client includes a message reception unit which receives a plurality of naming authority pointer (NAPTR) records from a domain name service (DNS) server, each of the NAPTR records comprising a URI and an identifier of a user of the URI; and a URI selection unit which chooses one of the URIs respectively included in the NAPTR records by referencing the identifiers respectively included in the NAPTR records. Accordingly, it is possible to choose a URI to be used by a client from among a plurality of URIs included in URI information received from a DNS server.

Abstract: A sensor node identification method by a first component of a first layer in a hierarchical sensor network includes: receiving a sensing request including sensor node identification information from a second component of a second layer prior to the first layer; modifying the sensor node identification information by removing an identifier of the first layer from the sensor node identification information when an identifier of the first layer matches an identifier of the first component among the sensor node identification information; and transmitting a sensing request including the modified sensor node identification information to a third component of a third layer subsequent to the first layer.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for resolving a code, an apparatus for providing code information, and methods used by the apparatuses, which can resolve various codes recorded in a storage medium, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, or which can obtain content corresponding to the codes. The apparatus for resolving a code comprises a reader which reads an object identifier and a code; a transceiver which transmits information about the object identifier and receives code information required for resolving the code, which is provided in response to the transmitted information; and a resolver which resolves the read code based on the received code information.

Abstract: A sensor node address management data structure and a method of managing a sensor network using an identifier of a sensor node can provide a single management system based on ID information used to identify the sensor node even though a sensor network management system does not provide a plurality of management systems based on an individual identification system for sensor networks and sensor nodes that are to be built in a variety of network environments. The sensor node address management data structure that is managed by a network management system for managing a sensor network includes: a first field including an identifier allocated to a sensor node; a second field indicating a network management type of the sensor node to make a connection to the sensor network; and a third field providing address information on the sensor node necessary for the connection to the sensor network.

Abstract: Respective memory locations are assigned for respective edges linking processing nodes of a decoder comprising a plurality of processing nodes. The decoder is applied to a coded input signal to generate a decoded output signal, wherein edge values are iteratively retrieved from and provided to the memory locations such that multiple ones of the memory locations are simultaneously accessed in a processing node operation. The processing nodes may comprise variable nodes and check nodes and the edges comprise edges linking the variable and check nodes. The invention may be embodied as methods, apparatus and computer program products.

Abstract: In a method of establishing a communication link in an ADSL system, a bit masking operation is performed on errors occurring in initialization messages of message tones and backup tones used to transmit/receive the initialization messages. Errors of one of the initialization messages of the message tones and the backup tones of which the errors are bit-masked are corrected. A cyclic redundancy check operation is performed on the initialization message having the corrected errors. Link establishment or link failure is determined based on the result of the cyclic redundancy check. Since some portion of errors of the initialization messages are removed in advance of a cyclic redundancy check operation, it is possible to stably perform a link establishment process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of protecting an RFID password, and an RFID tag access method are provided. The apparatus for protecting an RFID password comprises a recording medium on which the password for the RFID tag is printed, and a disposable shielding member that can be removed physically or chemically, formed on the surface of the recording medium to visually shield the password. Accordingly, the RFID password can be provided securely to a user, and the user can access the RFID tag using the RFID password.

Abstract: A receiver and method thereof. The example receiver may include an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter for performing an over-sampling operation on a received signal to generate output data, the over-sampling operation based on a sampling frequency and an over-sampling coefficient and a fast fourier transform (FFT) calculating unit for performing a FFT on the output data of the ADC converter.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for preventing air baggage from getting lost using a radio frequency identification (RFID) system. The apparatus for preventing baggage from getting lost, change, or stolen in which a baggage tag storing baggage management information is attached to the baggage and a receipt tag storing the baggage management information is issued to a baggage owner, the apparatus includes: a tag reader reading the receipt tag and the baggage tag in a predetermined area; and a determiner determining whether the tag reader reads the receipt tag including the same baggage management information as the baggage management information of the baggage tag within a predetermined time before and after the tag reader reads the baggage tag. As a result, air baggage is quickly and exactly managed, costs is reduced, and foreign confidence of an airport is increased, thereby preventing baggage from getting lost and exchanged.

Abstract: An echo cancellation circuit includes delay units at its input unit and output unit in order to adjust the delay caused by a FIFO. The delay times of the delay units are trained using a training signal, such the REVERB signal, that is a system initializing signal. In addition, an upstream pilot tone is used to tune the delay time. The performance of the echo cancellation circuit is optimized according to the device and the method described.

Abstract: Methods for bit allocation and power tuning for optimizing a setup time in a multi-channel communication system. In one aspect, a bit allocation method includes measuring a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each subchannel of a channel, determining a greatest allocable bit number of each subchannel using the measured SNR of the subchannels, determining a sum of the greatest allocable bit numbers of the subchannels, and determining a difference between the sum of the greatest allocable bit numbers of the subchannels and a target bit number. The currently allocated bit numbers of one or more subchannels is adjusted until a sum of the currently allocated bit numbers is equal to the target bit number.

Abstract: A method for estimating a phase response for an upstream area in a channel is based on an extrapolation and, following forcible distortion of an amplitude response, coefficients of a time domain equalizer and coefficients of a channel target circuit are determined using a minimum MSE algorithm. When the cost function of a minimum MES is determined, the square of the coefficients of the time domain equalizer are included for determining the cost function in order to reduce the probability that the coefficients of the time domain equalizer diverge. A channel-shortening effect of the time domain equalizer is improved to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI). As a result, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a communication system is improved.

Abstract: Decoders are provided including a data input unit configured to receive and store data. A noise variance judging unit is configured to select a fixed noise variance from a lookup table including at least one predetermined fixed noise variance. A log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculating unit is configured to calculate an LLR based on the data and the selected fixed noise variance. A decoding unit is configured to perform a decode operation using the LLR to provide decoded data. Related methods are also provided herein.

Abstract: Respective memory locations are assigned for respective edges linking processing nodes of a decoder comprising a plurality of processing nodes. The decoder is applied to a coded input signal to generate a decoded output signal, wherein edge values are iteratively retrieved from and provided to the memory locations such that multiple ones of the memory locations are simultaneously accessed in a processing node operation. The processing nodes may comprise variable nodes and check nodes and the edges comprise edges linking the variable and check nodes. The invention may be embodied as methods, apparatus and computer program products.

Abstract: A receiver and method thereof. The example receiver may include an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter for performing an over-sampling operation on a received signal to generate output data, the over-sampling operation based on a sampling frequency and an over-sampling coefficient and a fast fourier transform (FFT) calculating unit for performing a FFT on the output data of the ADC converter.

Abstract: A test board for a semiconductor device tester having a modified input/output printed circuit pattern and a testing method using the same are provided. In an embodiment, a modified input/output printed circuit pattern is formed and controlled by a test program, wherein the modified input/output printed circuit pattern is divided into a drive terminal and a comparator terminal, one of the terminals being connected to one input pin of a device under test (DUT) and the other being connected to an output pin of the DUT, unlike a typical input/output printed circuit pattern of the test board that is formed to be connected to one output pin of a DUT. Thus, it is possible to increase the number of devices under parallel test and to test semiconductor memory devices having larger capacity by using limited resources of the tester.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method of testing a plurality of devices under test (DUTs) in parallel. The method includes preparing at least two DUTs having input/output signal pins connected in common to one input/output signal channel and having chip selection signal pins connected to a chip selection signal channel, which provides a chip selection signal to specify one output data among output data to be outputted through the commonly connected input/output channel. The method includes reading the outputted data specified by the chip selection signal through the commonly connected input/output signal channel from one of the devices under test selected by the chip selection signal.

Abstract: A dental construct is provided, which includes: a dental construct substrate; an image layer disposed at least partially on a surface of the dental construct substrate, the image layer comprising an image or information media composed of a colorant composition, the image layer fused at a temperature and being essentially free of lead and cadmium; and, a ceramic layer disposed at least partially over a surface of the dental construct substrate and covering at least the surface of the image layer, the ceramic layer comprising at least one or both of a ceramic material and a glaze material, the ceramic layer fused at a temperature, the ceramic layer being generally transparent and essentially free of lead and cadmium. The dental construct substrate preferably has a general configuration of at least a portion of a tooth. The first layer (image layer) comprises a ceramic material, preferably a metal oxide.

Abstract: In a method of establishing a communication link in an ADSL system, a bearer channel and latency mode are used and message and backup tones are used in order to transmit/receive initialization messages. The method of establishing the communication link includes: (a) performing a bit masking operation on errors occurring in initialization messages of the message tones and the backup tones; (b) correcting errors of one of the initialization messages of the message tones and the backup tones of which the errors are bit-masked in the step (a); (c) performing a cyclic redundancy check operation on the initialization message having the corrected errors; and (d) determining link establishment or link failure based on the result of the cyclic redundancy check of the step (c). Accordingly, since some portion of errors of the initialization messages are removed in advance of a cyclic redundancy check operation, it is possible to stably perform a link establishment process.