Abstract: A fabricating method of transistors includes providing a substrate with numerous transistors thereon. Each of the transistors includes a gate structure. A gap is disposed between gate structures adjacent to each other. Later, a protective layer and a first dielectric layer are formed in sequence to cover the substrate and the transistors and to fill in the gap. Next, numerous buffering particles are formed to contact the first dielectric layer. The buffering particles do not contact each other. Subsequently, a second dielectric layer is formed to cover the buffering particles. After that, a first planarization process is performed to remove part of the first dielectric layer, part of the second dielectric layer and buffering particles by taking the protective layer as a stop layer, wherein a removing rate of the second dielectric layer is greater than a removing rate of the buffering particles during the first planarization process.

Abstract: Sharing sensor data of a first device with a second device includes obtaining a set of point data from at least one of a sensors located in the first device, generating a first property data of the first subset of point data based on the first subset of point data, generating a sharing data including at least a portion of the first subset of point data and the first property data, and transmitting the sharing data to the second device. If a class of a first object included in the class information a class in which personal information must be protected, a content of the sharing data includes a privacy protection data in which the first subset of point data is processed such that personal information of the first object does not identified by the second device.

Abstract: Sharing sensor data between a first device and a second device comprising obtaining a set of point data from at least one of sensors located in the first device, determining a property data of the subset of point data based on the subset of point data, generating a first sharing data for sharing with the second device based on the property data, transmitting the sharing data to the second device, identifying an occurrence of an event at a first time point, and generating a second sharing data different from the first sharing data. A content of the second sharing data includes at least a portion of the set of point data obtained within a first time period including the first time point.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a metal gate process. A sacrificial nitride layer is introduced during the fabrication of metal gates. The gate height can be well controlled by introducing the sacrificial nitride layer. Further, the particle fall-on problem can be effectively solved.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for optimizing a treatment plan for charged particle therapy. The method includes obtaining medical image data voxels inside a subject in a reference frame of a radiation source that emits a beam of charged particles at multiple tracks with a controlled emitted energy at each track. Hydrogen density (HD) is determined based on the medical image data. Stopping power ratio (SPR) along a first beam having a first track and first emitted energy is calculated based on HD. A range to a Bragg peak is calculated along the first beam based on the SPR and the first emitted energy. The first beam track or the first emitted energy, or both, is modified based at least in part on the beam range to determine a second track and second emitted energy. Output data that indicates the second track and second emitted energy are sent.

Abstract: A method of forming a gate includes the following steps. A gate structure is formed on a substrate. An etch stop layer is formed on the gate structure and the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed to cover the etch stop layer. The dielectric layer is planarized to form a planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and expose a portion of the etch stop layer on the gate structure. An oxygen containing treatment is performed to form an oxygen containing layer on the exposed etch stop layer. A deposition process is performed to form an oxide layer covering the planarized top surface of the dielectric layer and the oxygen containing layer.

Abstract: Provided is an object recognition device for performing object recognition on a field of view (FoV). The object recognition device includes a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data acquisition module configured to acquire data for the FoV from a sensor configured to project the FoV with a laser and receive reflected light, and a control module configured to perform object recognition on an object of interest in the FoV using an artificial neural network, wherein the control module includes a region of interest extraction module configured to acquire region of interest data based on acquired intensity data for the FoV, and an object recognition module configured to acquire object recognition data using an artificial neural network, and recognize the object of interest for the FoV.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel cell system in which fuel or air supplied to a burner is preheated using an anode gas having a high temperature discharged from a heat exchange type reformer or an anode off-gas having a high temperature discharged from a fuel cell stack, thus enhancing operation efficiency of the burner.

Abstract: A reductant impingement device includes a proximal end having an impingement pin with a convex surface; and a distal end having a body concentric with a longitudinal axis of the impingement pin. The distal end includes a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. A plurality of inner channels connects the first surface and the second surface, and a plurality of outer channels connects the first surface and the second surface, where the plurality of inner channels are disposed in a circular array at a first radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the impingement pin, and the plurality of outer channels are disposed in a circular array at a second distance from the longitudinal axis of the impingement pin.

Abstract: A nozzle including a nozzle body having a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end includes at least a first inlet and a second inlet, and the distal end includes an outlet. An inner tube extends in a direction along a central longitudinal axis of the nozzle and at least partly defines a first channel fluidly connected to the first inlet and a second channel fluidly connected to the second inlet. The second channel fluidly connects to the first channel via one or more orifices extending through the inner tube.

Abstract: A reductant impingement device includes a proximal end having an impingement pin with a convex surface; and a distal end having a body concentric with a longitudinal axis of the impingement pin. The distal end includes a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. A plurality of inner channels connects the first surface and the second surface, and a plurality of outer channels connects the first surface and the second surface, where the plurality of inner channels are disposed in a circular array at a first radial distance from a longitudinal axis of the impingement pin, and the plurality of outer channels are disposed in a circular array at a second distance from the longitudinal axis of the impingement pin.

Abstract: A method for beam therapy is provided. The method includes receiving first data indicating a plurality of target volumes within a target region inside a subject for particle beam therapy relative to a particle beam outlet on a gantry for directing a particle beam from a particle beam source. The method further includes moving automatically, one or more energy modulator components to reduce an energy of the particle beam and deliver the particle beam to the target region such that a Bragg Peak is delivered to at least one target volume of the plurality of target volumes. The method further includes repeating the moving automatically as the particle beam source rotates with the gantry around the subject, without changing the energy of the particle beam at the particle beam outlet, until every target volume is subjected to a Bragg Peak.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack including a cathode receiving air and an anode receiving fuel, a first valve configured to be disposed on an anode supply line, which supplies the fuel to the anode, a second valve configured to be disposed on an anode exhaust line, which discharges an anode exhaust gas from the anode, and a controller configured to close the first valve and the second valve to prevent the air from being introduced into the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell stack stops.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a reformer generating a reformed gas from a fuel gas supplied from a fuel supplier by a reforming reaction to discharge a mixed gas of the fuel gas unreacted and the reformed gas, and including a catalyst device including a catalyst used for the reforming reaction and a fuel cell stack including an anode receiving the reformed gas generated at the reformer, a cathode receiving oxygen, and a reforming device generating a reformed gas from the unreacted fuel gas of the mixed gas supplied from the reformer by a reforming reaction to be provided to the anode and being installed integrally with or adjacent to the anode, and the reformer controls the amount of the unreacted fuel gas discharged from the reformer to increase and decrease a reforming amount inside the fuel cell stack based on a temperature of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water dosimetry device using X-ray induced ultrasonic waves, in which a medical X-ray linear accelerator and an ultrasonic transducer are combined to construct a medical X-ray linear accelerator-based ultrasound imaging device, so that a radiation-absorbed dose in water when X-rays irradiate the water is measured in real time.

Abstract: A Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system and a construction method and application thereof, including an expression vector which includes, from 5? to 3?, a YEplac195 plasmid backbone, an exogenous gene expression cassette, and a selective marker gene expression cassette. The exogenous gene expression cassette includes from upstream to downstream an rDNA promoter, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence, an exogenous gene expression cassette, a poly(T) sequence, and an rDNA terminator. The selective marker gene expression cassette includes a promoter, a selective marker gene, and a transcription terminator.

Abstract: A method and system for modeling growth of reductant deposits for an aftertreatment system on a real time basis using input including exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas flow rate, and reductant dosing rate. The growth of the reductant deposits are affected by a rate at which reductant accumulates and decomposes from a surface of the aftertreatment system. Thus, the method and system disclosed determines a net reductant deposit growth rate value based on a reductant deposit accumulation rate value and a reductant deposit decomposition rate value. Further, the method and system disclosed determines a reductant mass deposit value based on the net reductant deposit growth rate value. The reductant mass deposit value determined by the method and system may then be used to control a regeneration strategy of the aftertreatment system to eliminate the reductant deposits from the aftertreatment system.

Abstract: A method of forming a micropattern, a substrate surface inspection apparatus, a cantilever set for an atomic force microscope, and a method of analyzing a surface of a semiconductor substrate, and a probe tip the method including forming pinning patterns on a semiconductor substrate; forming a neutral pattern layer in spaces between the pinning patterns; and inspecting a surface of a guide layer that includes the pinning patterns and the neutral pattern layer by using an atomic force microscope (AFM).

Abstract: A method for carrying out nucleic acid amplification reactions using a microfluidic device is described. Amplification primers and other amplification reagents are deposited at a plurality of reaction sites in the device, a sample solution containing amplifiable polynucleotides is introduced into the reaction sites, and amplification is carried out.