Abstract: A catalytic structure has a plurality of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles. Each HEA nanoparticle is composed of a homogenous mixture of elements of cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and at least two transition metal elements. For example, in some embodiments, each HEA nanoparticle is a quinary mixture of Co, Mo, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). The homogenous mixture in each HEA nanoparticle forms a single solid-solution phase. The catalytic structure can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction, for example, ammonia decomposition or ammonia synthesis. Methods for forming the catalytic structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate.

Abstract: An integrated plugging and perforating operation system is provided, including an operation truck, a wellhead equipment pry, and a centralized control room. A mechanical mechanism and a power mechanism are arranged on a chassis of the operation truck. The mechanical mechanism includes a turntable assembly, where a telescopic arm assembly is installed on the turntable assembly, a mechanical arm assembly for logging operation is installed at an operating end of the telescopic arm assembly, and a logging winch assembly and a follow-up winch assembly are arranged at a counterweight end of the telescopic arm assembly to form a counter weight of the telescopic arm assembly. The power mechanism is configured for providing power output to the mechanical mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed are single atom dispersions and multi-atom dispersions, and systems and methods for synthesizing the atomic dispersions. An exemplary method of synthesizing atomic dispersions includes: positioning a loaded substrate which includes a substrate which is loaded with at least one of: a precursor of an element or a cluster of an element, applying one or more temperature pulses to the loaded substrate where a pulse of the temperature pulse(s) applies a target temperature for a duration, maintaining a cooling period after the pulse, and providing single atoms of the element dispersed on the substrate after the one or more temperature pulses. The target temperature applied by the pulse is between 500 K and 4000 K, inclusive, and the duration is between 1 millisecond and 1 minute, inclusive.

Abstract: A catalytic structure has a plurality of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles. Each HEA nanoparticle is composed of a homogeneous mixture of elements of cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and at least two transition metal elements. For example, in some embodiments, each HEA nanoparticle is a quinary mixture of Co, Mo, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). The homogeneous mixture in each HEA nanoparticle forms a single solid-solution phase. The catalytic structure is used to catalyze a chemical reaction, for example, ammonia decomposition or ammonia synthesis. Methods for forming the catalytic structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: A use of Gemifibrozil and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a neurodegenerative disease. The neurodegenerative disease is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further provided is a pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or preventing a neurodegenerative disease, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises Gemifibrozil, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof, and, preferably, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or a plurality of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Further provided is a use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising Gemifibrozil, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: A formation of multielement nanoparticles is disclosed that includes at least three elements. Each of the at least three elements is uniformly distributed within the multielement nanoparticles forming nanoparticles having a homogeneous mixing structure. At least five elements may form a high-entropy nanoparticle structure. A method for manufacturing a formation of multielement nanoparticles includes providing a precursor material composed of the at least three component elements in multielement nanoparticles; heating the precursor material to a temperature and a time; and quenching the precursor to a temperature at a cooling rate to result in a formation of multielement nanoparticles containing at least three elements and the heating and the quenching representing a multielement nanoparticle thermal shock formation process. A corresponding system for manufacturing the formation of multielement nanoparticles and a method of using the multielement nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Precursor metal salts of at least two different metals can be loaded onto a substrate. The substrate can be heated at a heating rate to a first temperature, and then maintained at the first temperature for a first time. The first temperature can be in a range of 1000-3000 K, and the first time can be in a range of 1 ?s-10 s. After the first time, the substrate can be cooled from the first temperature at a cooling rate, such that a metallic glass material is formed on the substrate. The metallic glass material can comprise a homogeneous mixture of the at least two different metals and forming a single amorphous solid.

Abstract: A structure can comprise one or multi-element compound (MEC) nanoparticles. Each MEC nanoparticle can have a plurality of sites comprising one or more elements. Each site can form a compound bond with at least one other site of the MEC nanoparticle. One or more of the compound bonds can comprise a covalent bond, an ionic bond, or a metallic bond. Each MEC nanoparticle can be formed of at least three different elements. For example, one or more MEC nanoparticles can be a multi-element oxide nanoparticle, a multi-element carbide nanoparticle, a multi-element intermetallic nanoparticle, or any other type of compound nanoparticle.

Abstract: A formation of multielement nanoparticles is disclosed that includes at least three elements. Each of the at least three elements is uniformly distributed within the multielement nanoparticles forming nanoparticles having a homogeneous mixing structure. At least five elements may form a high-entropy nanoparticle structure. A method for manufacturing a formation of multielement nanoparticles includes providing a precursor material composed of the at least three component elements in multielement nanoparticles; heating the precursor material to a temperature and a time; and quenching the precursor to a temperature at a cooling rate to result in a formation of multielement nanoparticles containing at least three elements and the heating and the quenching representing a multielement nanoparticle thermal shock formation process. A corresponding system for manufacturing the formation of multielement nanoparticles and a method of using the multielement nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: One or more reactants are flowed into thermal contact with a heating element in a reactor for a first time period. During a first part of a heating cycle, the one or more reactants are provided with a first temperature by heating with the heating element, such that one or more thermochemical reactions is initiated. The one or more thermochemical reactions includes pyrolysis, thermolysis, synthesis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, or any combination thereof. The first heating element operates by Joule heating and has a porous construction that allows gas to flow therethrough. During a second part of the heating cycle, the one or more reactants are provided with a second temperature less than the first temperature, for example, by de-energizing the heating element. A duration of the first time period is equal to or greater than a duration of the heating cycle, which is less than five seconds.

Abstract: Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate.

Abstract: Precursors for forming a plurality of multielement materials of different compositions can be deposited on different portions of a common substrate according to a combinatorial approach. The substrate can be subjected to a thermal shock, thereby converting the deposited precursors into separate multielement materials on the substrate. The thermal shock can be a temperature greater than or equal to 500° C. and a duration less than 60 seconds. In some embodiments, each multielement material can be tested with respect to an electrical property, a chemical property, or an optical property. Based on the results of the testing, a composition of a multielement material can be determined for use in a predetermined application, such as use as a catalyst, a plasmonic nanoparticle, an energy storage device, an optoelectronic device, a solid-state electrolyte, or an ion conductive membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed are single atom dispersions and multi-atom dispersions, and systems and methods for synthesizing the atomic dispersions. An exemplary method of synthesizing atomic dispersions includes: positioning a loaded substrate which includes a substrate in which is loaded with at least one of: a precursor of an element or a cluster of an element, applying one or more temperature pulses to the loaded substrate where a pulse of the temperature pulse(s) applies a target temperature for a duration, maintaining a cooling period after the pulse, and providing single atoms of the element dispersed on the substrate after the one or more temperature pulses. The target temperature applied by the pulse is between 500 K and 4000 K, inclusive, and the duration is between 1 millisecond and 1 minute, inclusive.

Abstract: Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll the substrate; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to the substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Abstract: A formation of multielement nanoparticles is disclosed that includes at least three elements. Each of the at least three elements is uniformly distributed within the multielement nanoparticles forming nanoparticles having a homogeneous mixing structure. At least five elements may form a high-entropy nanoparticle structure. A method for manufacturing a formation of multielement nanoparticles includes providing a precursor material composed of the at least three component elements in multielement nanoparticles; heating the precursor material to a temperature and a time; and quenching the precursor to a temperature at a cooling rate to result in a formation of multielement nanoparticles containing at least three elements and the heating and the quenching representing a multielement nanoparticle thermal shock formation process. A corresponding system for manufacturing the formation of multielement nanoparticles and a method of using the multielement nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A use of Gemifibrozil and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a neurodegenerative disease. The neurodegenerative disease is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further provided is a pharmaceutical composition for treating and/or preventing a neurodegenerative disease, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises Gemifibrozil, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof, and, preferably, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or a plurality of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Further provided is a use of the pharmaceutical composition comprising Gemifibrozil, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or stereoisomer thereof in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of a neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: A formation of multielement nanoparticles is disclosed that includes at least three elements. Each of the at least three elements is uniformly distributed within the multielement nanoparticles forming nanoparticles having a homogeneous mixing structure. At least five elements may form a high-entropy nanoparticle structure. A method for manufacturing a formation of multielement nanoparticles includes providing a precursor material composed of the at least three component elements in multielement nanoparticles; heating the precursor material to a temperature and a time; and quenching the precursor to a temperature at a cooling rate to result in a formation of multielement nanoparticles containing at least three elements and the heating and the quenching representing a multielement nanoparticle thermal shock formation process. A corresponding system for manufacturing the formation of multielement nanoparticles and a method of using the multielement nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computing device computes a plurality of quantile regression solvers for a dataset at a plurality of quantile levels. Each observation vector includes an explanatory vector of a plurality of explanatory variable values and a response variable value. The read dataset is recursively divided into subsets of the plurality of observation vectors, a lower counterweight vector and an upper counterweight vector are computed for each of the subsets, and a quantile regression solver is fit to each of the subsets using the associated, computed lower counterweight vector and the associated, computed upper counterweight vector to describe a quantile function of the response variable values for a selected quantile level of the identified plurality of quantile level values. For each selected quantile level, a parameter estimate vector and a dual solution vector that describe the quantile function are output in association with the selected quantile level.

Abstract: A porous base substrate is infiltrated with a polymer material to form a hybrid substrate that combines the optical advantages of both. Prior to infiltration, the base substrate may exhibit relatively low optical transmittance. For example, the base substrate may be paper, textiles, aerogels, natural wood, or any other porous material. By infiltrating the base substrate with a polymer having a similar refractive index to that of the material of the base substrate, the transmittance can thus be improved, resulting in, for example, a transparent hybrid substrate that exhibits both relatively high optical haze and relatively high optical transmittance within the visible light spectrum. The hybrid substrate can thus serve as a base for fabricating electronic devices or can be coupled to electronic devices, especially optical devices that can take utilize the unique optical properties of the hybrid substrate.