Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip including a chip pad, a first insulating layer provided on the semiconductor chip and including a first via hole, a first wiring pattern provided on the first insulating layer and connected to the chip pad through the first via hole of the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer provided on the first insulating layer and the first wiring pattern and including a second via hole, and a second wiring pattern provided on the second insulating layer and connected to the first wiring pattern through the second via hole of the second insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer includes a first upper surface in contact with the second insulating layer and a first lower surface opposite to the first upper surface, and the first upper surface of the first insulating layer has surface roughness greater that the first lower surface of the first insulating layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, an organic light-emitting-element layer disposed on the first substrate, an encapsulation layer disposed on the organic light-emitting-element layer, and a lens array layer disposed on the encapsulation layer. The lens array layer includes a lens layer including multiple lenses, and a second substrate disposed (e.g., directly disposed) on the lenses. The second substrate includes multiple concave depressions corresponding to shapes of the lenses.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate. A light emitting element layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of light emitting diodes. A welding part is disposed on the substrate, covering at least one side surface of the light emitting element layer. and the welding part includes a silicon wafer of the substrate and glass of the window part. A cover window is disposed on the welding part and the light emitting element layer.

Abstract: A method and server for generating a question for personality and aptitude tests using a question and answer network based on a language model are disclosed. The server according to the present disclosure includes a communication unit configured to communicate with a terminal, a database configured to store tester information, a memory configured to store artificial intelligence model data for a generative artificial intelligence model, and a processor configured to generate personality and aptitude question information suitable for characteristics of a person from personal behavior characteristic information and existing question information by using the generative artificial intelligence model.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a display device includes providing an image display layer on a first substrate comprising a first transmission area and a display area around the first transmission area, the pixel layer overlapping the display area, providing a second substrate facing the first substrate, the second substrate comprising a second transmission area overlapping the first transmission area, providing a transparent material between the first transmission area and the second transmission area, and melting each of a portion of the first transmission area adjacent to the transparent material, the transparent material, and a portion of the second transmission area adjacent to the transparent material to form a connection portion that connects the first transmission area and the second transmission area.

Abstract: There is provided an emotion prediction method based on virtual facial expression image augmentation. The emotion prediction method may acquire a user facial image, may extract a facial expression feature from the acquired user facial image, and may predict a user emotion from the extracted facial expression feature. The emotion prediction method may extract the facial expression feature by using a facial expression recognition network, the facial expression recognition network being an AI model that is trained to receive a user facial image and to extract a facial expression feature. The facial expression recognition network is retrained with virtual facial images which are augmented from a facial image that causes a failure in emotion recognition. Accordingly, by augmenting features of a facial expression image that causes a failure in prediction through error feedback, facial expression recognition performance can be enhanced.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a window includes providing a window including a first non-folding portion, a second non-folding portion, and a folding portion disposed between the first and second non-folding portions and irradiating a laser beam to a front surface of the folding portion of the window to form a first groove in the front surface of the folding portion. The first and second non-folding portions and the folding portion are arranged in the window in a first direction, first processing areas extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction and arranged in the first direction are defined in the front surface of the folding portion, and the laser beam is irradiated at least once to each of the first processing areas in the second direction.

Abstract: A processing apparatus includes a first processing unit to spray a mixture into a first region of a processing target, and a second processing unit to irradiate a beam into the first region of the processing target, and maintain a temperature of the first region to a predetermined temperature or more, in which the predetermined temperature is for ion-exchange between the processing target and some materials of the mixture.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an electronic module, a display panel including a second region corresponding to the electronic module and adjacent to a first region, and a lower member overlapping the first region. The lower member includes a functional layer corresponding to the first region, and an adhesive layer corresponding to the first and second regions. The adhesive layer includes a first adhesive portion defining a first lower surface of the adhesive layer which overlaps the first region of the display panel, a second adhesive portion which defines a second lower surface of the adhesive layer which overlaps the second region of the display panel, each of the first and second lower surfaces having hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity of the first lower surface of the first adhesive portion being lower than the hydrophobicity of the second lower surface of the second adhesive portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a window includes providing a window including a first non-folding portion, a second non-folding portion, and a folding portion disposed between the first and second non-folding portions and irradiating a laser beam to a front surface of the folding portion of the window to form a first groove in the front surface of the folding portion. The first and second non-folding portions and the folding portion are arranged in the window in a first direction, first processing areas extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction and arranged in the first direction are defined in the front surface of the folding portion, and the laser beam is irradiated at least once to each of the first processing areas in the second direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, and a metal wiring layer disposed on at least a portion of the non-display area, an encapsulation substrate disposed on the display panel, a sealing member which is disposed between the display panel and the encapsulation substrate and bonds the display panel to the encapsulation substrate and a first fusion region provided in at least a partial region between the sealing member and the encapsulation substrate, where the first fusion region has no physical boundary, and where at least a portion of the sealing member is disposed on the metal wiring layer in the non-display area, and the first fusion region is separated from the metal wiring layer while overlapping the metal wiring layer in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a base layer including an upper base layer and a lower base layer on a rear surface of the upper base layer; at least one light emitting element on a surface of the upper base layer; and at least one pad on the rear surface of the upper base layer and including a first pad layer adjacent to the upper base layer and a second pad layer adjacent to the lower base layer. The second pad layer includes indium zinc oxide (IZO).

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, and a metal wiring layer disposed on at least a portion of the non-display area, an encapsulation substrate disposed on the display panel, a sealing member which is disposed between the display panel and the encapsulation substrate and bonds the display panel to the encapsulation substrate and a first fusion region provided in at least a partial region between the sealing member and the encapsulation substrate, where the first fusion region has no physical boundary, and where at least a portion of the sealing member is disposed on the metal wiring layer in the non-display area, and the first fusion region is separated from the metal wiring layer while overlapping the metal wiring layer in a thickness direction.

Abstract: A display includes a substrate including a first contact hole and a residual film of the substrate overlapping each other in a thickness direction, an electric conductor provided in the residual film and having conductivity, a first barrier insulating film disposed on the substrate and including a second contact hole, a fan-out line disposed in a first metal layer on the first barrier insulating film and including a pad disposed in the second contact hole, the pad electrically contacting the electric conductor, a display layer disposed on the fan-out line, and a flexible film disposed below the substrate, extending to the first contact hole, and electrically connected to the pad through the electric conductor.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a first metal layer on the substrate, a first barrier insulating layer on the first metal layer, an etching control layer on the first barrier insulating layer, a first contact hole passing through the substrate, the first barrier insulating layer, and the etching control layer, a second barrier insulating layer on the etching control layer and including a second contact hole, a fan-out line on the second barrier insulating layer and included in a second metal layer, a pad part inserted into the second contact hole and included in the second metal layer, the pad part integral with the fan-out line, a display layer on the fan-out line, and a flexible film under the substrate and inserted into the first contact hole to be electrically connected to the pad part. The first metal layer includes an etching mark adjacent to the first contact hole.

Abstract: A display device, a method of manufacturing the same and a tiled display device including the same are provided. The display device includes a first substrate including a first contact hole, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the first substrate and including a second contact hole overlapping the first contact hole in a thickness direction, a capping layer disposed on the first barrier insulating layer, at least a portion of the capping layer being disposed in the second contact hole and the first contact hole, a pad electrode disposed on the capping layer, a display layer disposed on the pad electrode, and a flexible film disposed under the first substrate and electrically connected to the pad electrode through the first contact hole and the second contact hole.

Abstract: A display device comprises a first substrate including a first contact hole, a first barrier insulating layer disposed on the first substrate and including second contact holes overlapping the first contact hole, pad electrodes disposed on the first barrier insulating layer, at least a subset of the pad electrodes being disposed in the second contact holes, a display layer disposed on the pad electrodes, and a flexible film disposed below the first substrate and electrically connected to the pad electrodes through the first contact hole and the second contact holes, wherein the first substrate includes a substrate buffer portion overlapping the first contact hole and not-overlapping the second contact holes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes providing a display substrate and an encapsulation substrate, each of which has a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area thereon, forming a nanowire on the encapsulation substrate overlapping a sealing area defined as a partial area of the non-display area, and combining the encapsulation substrate and the display substrate with each other, wherein the forming of the nanowire includes irradiating a first laser, which is a ultrashort pulse laser, onto the encapsulation substrate overlapping the sealing area, and the combining of the encapsulation substrate and the display substrate with each other includes irradiating a second laser, which is a ultrashort pulse laser, onto the display substrate overlapping the sealing area.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a display area comprising pixels and a non-display area surrounding the display area, an encapsulation substrate which faces the display panel and is disposed on a surface of the display panel, and a sealing member disposed in the non-display area and interposed between the display panel and the encapsulation substrate for bonding. The display panel comprises a base substrate and a first conductive layer disposed on a first surface of the base substrate, the base substrate provides a through hole defined in a part of the non-display area to penetrate the base substrate in a thickness direction, the first conductive layer comprises a signal line disposed in a part of the non-display area and filling the through hole, and the sealing member does not overlap the first conductive layer and the through hole in the thickness direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area and non-display areas surrounding the display area; an encapsulation substrate disposed on the display panel and including melting patterns formed in regions overlapping the non-display areas; a sealing member disposed between the display panel and the encapsulation substrate to couple the display panel with the encapsulation substrate; and fusing patterns disposed across the sealing member and the encapsulation substrate. The display panel further includes a metal line layer disposed in at least a portion of the non-display areas, at least a portion of the sealing member is disposed on the metal line layer in the non-display areas, the melting patterns are disposed to overlap the metal line layer in a thickness direction, and the fusing patterns are disposed not to overlap the metal line layer in the thickness direction.