Abstract: There is a method for forming a three dimensional or porous graphene electrode pattern on a substrate, the method including providing a substrate; coating the substrate with a lignin-polymer composite film; exposing a first part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film to a laser beam for transforming the first part into the graphene pattern; and removing a second part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film, which was not exposed to the laser beam, by placing the second part in water. The lignin-polymer composite film includes (1) a water-soluble alkaline lignin, (2) a polymer having bonding properties, and (3) a solvent, and an amount of the water-soluble alkaline lignin in the lignin-polymer composite film is between 5 and 60% by weight.

Abstract: There is a method for forming a three dimensional or porous graphene electrode pattern on a substrate, the method including providing a substrate; coating the substrate with a lignin-polymer composite film; exposing a first part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film to a laser beam for transforming the first part into the graphene pattern; and removing a second part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film, which was not exposed to the laser beam, by placing the second part in water. The lignin-polymer composite film includes (1) a water-soluble alkaline lignin, (2) a polymer having bonding properties, and (3) a solvent, and an amount of the water-soluble alkaline lignin in the lignin-polymer composite film is between 5 and 60% by weight.

Abstract: There is a method for forming a three dimensional or porous graphene electrode pattern on a substrate, the method including providing a substrate; coating the substrate with a lignin-polymer composite film; exposing a first part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film to a laser beam for transforming the first part into the graphene pattern; and removing a second part of the coated lignin-polymer composite film, which was not exposed to the laser beam, by placing the second part in water. The lignin-polymer composite film includes (1) a water-soluble alkaline lignin, (2) a polymer having bonding properties, and (3) a solvent, and an amount of the water-soluble alkaline lignin in the lignin-polymer composite film is between 5 and 60% by weight.

Abstract: An electrode includes a substrate and a composite arranged on the substrate. The composite includes MXene and Prussian blue.

Abstract: A bio-enzyme sensor capable of super-hydrophobic solid-liquid-gas three-phase coexistence and a method for preparing the same. The bio-enzyme sensor comprises, from bottom to top, a base material with super-hydrophobic surface, a catalytic material having the function of catalyzing hydrogen peroxide, and bio-enzyme capable of reacting with a substance to be tested to generate hydrogen peroxide. A sufficient amount of oxygen can be provided for enzymatic reaction by forming a state of solid-liquid-gas three-phase coexistence on the surface of the super-hydrophobic material.

Abstract: A bio-enzyme sensor capable of super-hydrophobic solid-liquid-gas three-phase coexistence and a method for preparing the same. The bio-enzyme sensor comprises, from bottom to top, a base material with super-hydrophobic surface, a catalytic material having the function of catalyzing hydrogen peroxide, and bio-enzyme capable of reacting with a substance to be tested to generate hydrogen peroxide. A sufficient amount of oxygen can be provided for enzymatic reaction by forming a state of solid-liquid-gas three-phase coexistence on the surface of the super-hydrophobic material.