Abstract: Techniques are described that enable stereoscopic content to be delivered. These techniques including encoding frames of stereoscopic video content within a base layer and temporal enhancement layer and decoding the encoded frames.

Abstract: Techniques are described for detecting timing data anomalies in streaming video. Techniques are also described for adjusting playback operations based on detecting possible timing data anomalies.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enable a two-dimensional (2D) representation of three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality content to be generated and encoded. These techniques include modifying non-display pixels within the 2D representation to soften the transitions between display pixels and non-display pixels.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing media presentations that include content originating from multiple sources in ways that are effectively transparent to end user devices. Manifest data provided to an end user device include a key encoded in the URL for each of the content fragments. The key encodes one or more interstitial periods of secondary content within the overall presentation of primary content. When a media server receives a content request from the end user device, the media server determines from the key encoded in the URL and the range of content requested whether the request corresponds to the primary content or the secondary content.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enable a two-dimensional (2D) representation of three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) content to be encoded. These techniques include encoding VR content while excluding non-display pixels of the VR content from motion estimation during encoder processing.

Abstract: Techniques are described that enable virtual reality content to be delivered. These techniques include encoding frames of stereoscopic virtual reality content and decoding reference frames of the stereoscopic virtual reality content for non-viewed sections of the virtual reality content.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing butadiene by oxidative dehydrogenation of butylene, comprising: a reaction stage, wherein a multi-stage adiabatic fixed bed in series is used, wherein butylene, oxygen-comprising gas and water are reacted in the presence of a catalyst in each stage of the adiabatic fixed bed with the first stage of the adiabatic fixed bed being further separately fed a diluent, being nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide, and the molar ratio between this separately fed diluents and the oxygen of all the oxygen-comprising gases fed in the subsequent stage(s) of the adiabatic fixed bed being controlled, wherein the oxygen-comprising gas is air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, and at least one of all the oxygen-comprising gases fed in the subsequent stage(s) of the adiabatic fixed bed is oxygen-enriched air having a specific oxygen concentration or oxygen; and a post treatment stage, wherein the effluent from the last stage of the adiabatic fixed bed is treated to obtain a product b

Abstract: Video frames of a higher-resolution chroma sampling format such as YUV 4:4:4 are packed into video frames of a lower-resolution chroma sampling format such as YUV 4:2:0 for purposes of video encoding. For example, sample values for a frame in YUV 4:4:4 format are packed into two frames in YUV 4:2:0 format. After decoding, the video frames of the lower-resolution chroma sampling format can be unpacked to reconstruct the video frames of the higher-resolution chroma sampling format. In this way, available encoders and decoders operating at the lower-resolution chroma sampling format can be used, while still retaining higher resolution chroma information. In example implementations, frames in YUV 4:4:4 format are packed into frames in YUV 4:2:0 format such that geometric correspondence is maintained between Y, U and V components for the frames in YUV 4:2:0 format.

Abstract: Control data for a motion-constrained tile set (“MCTS”) indicates that inter-picture prediction processes within a specified set of tiles are constrained to reference only regions within the same set of tiles in previous pictures in decoding (or encoding) order. For example, a video encoder encodes multiple pictures partitioned into tiles to produce encoded data. The encoder outputs the encoded data along with control data (e.g., in a supplemental enhancement information message) that indicates that inter-picture prediction dependencies across tile set boundaries are constrained for a given tile set of one or more of the tiles. A video decoder or other tool receives the encoded data and MCTS control data, and processes the encoded data. Signaling and use of MCTS control data can facilitate region-of-interest decoding and display, transcoding to limit encoded data to a selected set of tiles, loss robustness, parallelism in encoding and/or decoding, and other video processing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for performing data-intensive compute algorithms, such as fast massively parallel general matrix multiplication (GEMM), using a particular data format for both storing data to and reading data from memory. This data format may be utilized for arbitrarily-sized input matrices for GEMM implemented on a finite-size GEMM accelerator in the form of a rectangular compute array of digital signal processing (DSP) elements or similar compute cores. This data format solves the issue of double data rate (DDR) dynamic random access memory (DRAM) bandwidth by allowing both linear DDR addressing and single cycle loading of data into the compute array, avoiding input/output (I/O) and/or DDR bottlenecks.

Abstract: Innovations for signaling state of a decoded picture buffer (“DPB”) and reference picture lists (“RPLs”). In example implementations, rather than rely on internal state of a decoder to manage and update DPB and RPLs, state information about the DPB and RPLs is explicitly signaled. This permits a decoder to determine which pictures are expected to be available for reference from the signaled state information. For example, an encoder determines state information that identifies which pictures are available for use as reference pictures (optionally considering feedback information from a decoder about which pictures are available). The encoder sets syntax elements that represent the state information. In doing so, the encoder sets identifying information for a long-term reference picture (“LTRP”), where the identifying information is a value of picture order count least significant bits for the LTRB. The encoder then outputs the syntax elements as part of a bitstream.

Abstract: Innovations for category-prefixed data batching (“CPDB”) of entropy-coded data or other payload data for coded media data, as well as innovations for corresponding recovery of the entropy-coded data (or other payload data) formatted with CPDB. The CPDB can be used in conjunction with coding/decoding for video content, image content, audio content or another type of content. For example, after receiving coded media data in multiple categories from encoding units, a formatting tool formats payload data with CPDB, generating a batch prefix for a batch of the CPDB-formatted payload data. The batch prefix includes a category identifier and a data quantity indicator. The formatting tool outputs the CPDB-formatted payload data to a bitstream. At the decoder side, a formatting tool receives the CPDB-formatted payload data in a bitstream, recovers the payload data from the CPDB-formatted payload data, and outputs the payload data (e.g., to decoding units).

Abstract: Techniques are described that enable the use of variable bit rate (VBR) encoding for live content.

Abstract: Methods to switch between renditions of a video stream are generally described. In some examples, the methods may include encoding a video stream at a first image quality in a first rendition and a second, lower image quality in a second rendition. The methods may further include sending the first rendition to a recipient computing device. The methods may include receiving a request to switch from the first rendition to the second rendition. The methods may include determining that first indicator data of a first inter-coded frame indicates that the video stream can be switched to a lower image quality rendition at the first inter-coded frame. In some examples, the methods may further include sending the second rendition to the recipient computing device.

Abstract: A video decoding method is implemented by a computer having multiple parallel processing units. A stream of data elements is received, some of which encode video content. The stream comprises marker sequences, each marker sequence comprising a marker which does not encode video content. A known pattern of data elements occurs in each marker sequence. A respective part of the stream is supplied to each parallel processing unit. Each parallel processing unit processes the respective part of the stream, whereby multiple parts of the stream are processed in parallel, to detect whether any of the multiple parts matches the known pattern of data elements, thereby identifying the markers. The encoded video content is separated from the identified markers. The separated video content is decoded, and the decoded video content outputted on a display.

Abstract: Techniques are described for identifying pixel locations using a transformation function. A transformation function is identified based on the projection space of a 2D representation, and pixel locations are generated using the transformation function.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing media presentations that include content originating from multiple sources in ways that are effectively transparent to end user devices. Manifest data provided to an end user device include a key encoded in the URL for each of the content fragments. The key encodes one or more interstitial periods of secondary content within the overall presentation of primary content. When a media server receives a content request from the end user device, the media server determines from the key encoded in the URL and the range of content requested whether the request corresponds to the primary content or the secondary content.

Abstract: Video content is protected using a digital rights management (DRM) mechanism, the video content having been previously encrypted and compressed for distribution, and also including metadata such as closed captioning data, which might be encrypted or clear. The video content is obtained by a system of a computing device, the metadata is extracted from the video content and provided to a video decoder, and the video content is provided to a secure DRM component. The secure DRM component decrypts the video content and provides the decrypted video content to a secure decoder component of a video decoder. As part of the decryption, the secure DRM component drops the metadata that was included in the obtained video content. However, the video decoder receives the extracted metadata in a non-protected environment and thus is able to provide the extracted metadata and the decoded video content to a content playback application.

Abstract: Innovations for signaling state of a decoded picture buffer (“DPB”) and reference picture lists (“RPLs”). In example implementations, rather than rely on internal state of a decoder to manage and update DPB and RPLs, state information about the DPB and RPLs is explicitly signaled. This permits a decoder to determine which pictures are expected to be available for reference from the signaled state information. For example, an encoder determines state information that identifies which pictures are available for use as reference pictures (optionally considering feedback information from a decoder about which pictures are available). The encoder sets syntax elements that represent the state information. In doing so, the encoder sets identifying information for a long-term reference picture (“LTRP”), where the identifying information is a value of picture order count least significant bits for the LTRB. The encoder then outputs the syntax elements as part of a bitstream.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for partitioning a manifest file to generate smaller manifest files for media content playback. A server partitions a manifest file prior to receipt of a request from a client or in response to a request from a client for a manifest for media content for a particular temporal range or subset of playback options.