Abstract: In a server (111), an updater (201) updates a file by an editing process that includes an adding process that adds a record to the end of a file. A collector (202) reads, in order of location in the file, a record included in the file, causes a collection device of a collection system to associate and collect the record and a position of the record in the file, and non-transitorily stores the position as an offset. An estimator (203) estimates whether header records located between the beginning of the file and the recorded offset are updated. When it is estimated that any of the header records are updated, a starter (204) causes the collector (202) to start reading the record from the beginning of the file. When it is estimated that none of the header records have been updated, the starter 204 causes the collector (202 to start reading the record from the recorded offset.

Abstract: In a server (111), an updater (201) updates a file by an editing process that includes an adding process that adds a record to the end of a file. A collector (202) reads, in order of location in the file, a record included in the file, causes a collection device of a collection system to associate and collect the record and a position of the record in the file, and non-transitorily stores the position as an offset. An estimator (203) estimates whether header records located between the beginning of the file and the recorded offset are updated. When it is estimated that any of the header records are updated, a starter (204) causes the collector (202) to start reading the record from the beginning of the file. When it is estimated that none of the header records have been updated, the starter 204 causes the collector (202 to start reading the record from the recorded offset.

Abstract: An intermediate relay device includes a corresponding information adder that adds, after receiving an outgoing message, an address assigned to the relay device to a list included in the outgoing message, and an outgoing message transmitter that specifies the address of a transmission destination and transmits the outgoing message to which the address has been added. The intermediate relay device further includes a return message transmitter that transmits, after receiving a return message, the return message based on a predetermined address corresponding to a device located at a prior stage to the intermediate relay device in a relay route for the outgoing message among addresses in the list included in the received return message.