Abstract: The invention uses the control circuit formed on the silicon wafer to detect the leakage current of transistor formed on the depletion mode GaN wafer and then adjust the gate voltage of the depletion mode GaN transistor according to the detected leakage current. Essentially, the gate voltage is reduced or viewed as made more negative when the detected leakage current is larger a specific value. Thus, the gate voltage can be gradually adjusted to approach a specific threshold voltage that right block the leakage current. In other words, by making the gate voltage more negative when non-zero leakage current is detected and even by making the gate voltage more positive when zero leakage current is detected, the depletion mode GaN transistor can be adjusted to have an acceptable or even zero leakage current, a high reaction rate and an optimized efficiency.

Abstract: The invention uses the control circuit formed on the silicon wafer to detect the leakage current of transistor formed on the depletion mode GaN wafer and then adjust the gate voltage of the depletion mode GaN transistor according to the detected leakage current. Essentially, the gate voltage is reduced or viewed as made more negative when the detected leakage current is larger a specific value. Thus, the gate voltage can be gradually adjusted to approach a specific threshold voltage that right block the leakage current. In other words, by making the gate voltage more negative when non-zero leakage current is detected and even by making the gate voltage more positive when zero leakage current is detected, the depletion mode GaN transistor can be adjusted to have an acceptable or even zero leakage current, a high reaction rate and an optimized efficiency.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension are provided. An apparatus for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension can include an enclosed vessel having two or more sections disposed coaxially along a common longitudinal centerline, wherein a first section has a first cross sectional area and a second section has a second cross sectional area. A plurality of apertures can be disposed about the second section. The apparatus can have a cylindrical surface, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus, disposed within the first section. A fluid distribution channel having a plurality of apertures can be disposed either about an exterior surface or an interior of the apparatus. A plurality of fluid conduits can provide fluid communication between the fluid distribution channel and the plurality of apertures distributed about the second section.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension are provided. An apparatus for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension can include an enclosed vessel having two or more sections disposed coaxially along a common longitudinal centerline, wherein a first section has a first cross sectional area and a second section has a second cross sectional area. A plurality of apertures can be disposed about the second section. The apparatus can have a cylindrical surface, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus, disposed within the first section. A fluid distribution channel having a plurality of apertures can be disposed either about an exterior surface or an interior of the apparatus. A plurality of fluid conduits can provide fluid communication between the fluid distribution channel and the plurality of apertures distributed about the second section.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension are provided. An apparatus for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension can include an enclosed vessel having two or more sections disposed coaxially along a common longitudinal centerline, wherein a first section has a first cross sectional area, and a second section has a second cross sectional area. A plurality of apertures can be disposed about the second section. The apparatus can have a cylindrical surface, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus, disposed within the first section. A fluid distribution channel having a plurality of apertures can be disposed either about an exterior surface or an interior of the apparatus. A plurality of fluid conduits can provide fluid communication between the fluid distribution channel and the plurality of apertures distributed about the second section.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension are provided. An apparatus for the separation of a particulate-fluid suspension can include an enclosed vessel having two or more sections disposed coaxially along a common longitudinal centerline, wherein a first section has a first cross sectional area, and a second section has a second cross sectional area. A plurality of apertures can be disposed about the second section. The apparatus can have a cylindrical surface, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus, disposed within the first section. A fluid distribution channel having a plurality of apertures can be disposed either about an exterior surface or an interior of the apparatus. A plurality of fluid conduits can provide fluid communication between the fluid distribution channel and the plurality of apertures distributed about the second section.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and process for injecting a petroleum feed. More particularly, a liquid petroleum feed is atomized with a nozzle assembly apparatus in which the apparatus has injection nozzles that produce a spray pattern of finely dispersed feed. The injection nozzles are each designed such that the overall effect of the different spray patterns from the individual nozzles provides a more uniform feed coverage across the catalyst stream, provided that at least one spray pattern is not substantially flat.

Abstract: A multi-cyclone gas/solids separator with reduced solids re-entrainment is disclosed. The separator uses a plurality of cyclones spaced horizontally apart from adjacent cyclones to process flue gas containing residual catalyst fines. Each cyclone has a body that has a feed inlet end for admitting gas and entrained solids into an annular space defined by a sidewall of the cyclone body and a cylindrical gas outlet tube axially aligned with the cyclone body. A solids outlet at an opposing end of the cyclone body has a tangential outlet for solids and a minor amount of gas through a sidewall of the cyclone body. A gas reflux opening is axially aligned with the outlet tube. The plurality of cyclones share both a common catch chamber for solids discharged from the solids outlet, and a common manifold for gas and entrained solids.

Abstract: A multi-cyclone gas/solids separator with reduced solids re-entrainment is disclosed. The separator uses a plurality of cyclones spaced horizontally apart from adjacent cyclones to process flue gas containing residual catalyst fines. Each cyclone has a body that has a feed inlet end for admitting gas and entrained solids into an annular space defined by a sidewall of the cyclone body and a cylindrical gas outlet tube axially aligned with the cyclone body. A solids outlet at an opposing end of the cyclone body has a tangential outlet for solids and a minor amount of gas through a sidewall of the cyclone body. A gas reflux opening is axially aligned with the outlet tube. The plurality of cyclones share both a common catch chamber for solids discharged from the solids outlet, and a common manifold for gas and entrained solids.

Abstract: Staged combustion in a single regenerator of a FCC unit is disclosed. The regenerator has a spent catalyst distributor at the top of the catalyst bed, and an air grid at the lower end of the bed. A baffle separates the catalyst bed into upper and lower stages. Excess oxygen is present in the lower bed; partial CO combustion mode is maintained in the upper bed. The baffle inhibits backmixing flux to achieve sufficient staging to burn the catalyst clean under partial CO combustion. This achieves a clean burn of the catalyst in a single regenerator vessel in the partial CO combustion operating mode. Surprisingly, the baffle also reduces catalyst entrainment in the dilute phase, thereby cutting particulate emissions from the regenerator and reducing cyclone wear.