Abstract: A safety gas valve relay driving circuit for an HVAC system includes a gas valve relay including an output for selectively enabling and disabling a gas valve in an HVAC system according to an energization state of the gas valve relay, and a charge pump circuit to control energization of the gas valve relay. The charge pump circuit includes a charge pump capacitor. The driving circuit also includes first and second inputs for receiving first and second driving signals from at least one controller, a low-pass filter coupled between the first input and the charge pump circuit to filter the received first driving signal, and a high-pass filter watchdog circuit coupled between the second input and the charge pump circuit to filter the received second driving signal. Example methods of driving a gas valve relay for an HVAC system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing a graphene-based material, namely a direct sonication assisted method for producing a graphene-based material, in particular comprising 2D porous graphene includes subjecting a mixture of at least one carbide compound and at least one etching compound to sonication. This method enables the production of large amounts of a graphene-based material in a short time at ambient temperature and pressure and without the need for toxic reactants. The obtained porous graphene-based material has excellent electrical conductivity, due to the direct chemical synthesis, and is free of any template and not attached to any substrate. The 2D porous graphene can be directly used without transfer processes. The invention further relates to the graphene-based material obtained or obtainable by the method and the use of the graphene-based material.

Abstract: A method of producing a graphene-based material, namely a direct sonication assisted method for producing a graphene-based material, in particular comprising 2D porous graphene includes subjecting a mixture of at least one carbide compound and at least one etching compound to sonication. This method enables the production of large amounts of a graphene-based material in a short time at ambient temperature and pressure and without the need for toxic reactants. The obtained porous graphene-based material has excellent electrical conductivity, due to the direct chemical synthesis, and is free of any template and not attached to any substrate. The 2D porous graphene can be directly used without transfer processes. The invention further relates to the graphene-based material obtained or obtainable by the method and the use of the graphene-based material.

Abstract: A medium for a dental structure and a method of producing a medium for a dental structure includes: a polymeric composite arranged to contact with at least one dental component of a dental structure, wherein the polymeric composite further comprises a plurality of inorganic fillers dispersed therein; and wherein the polymeric composite is at least partially translucent after being cured.