Abstract: An optical monitoring arrangement utilizes the properties of a blazed Bragg grating to redirect a portion of an optical signal out of the axial path and into a detecting device. A plurality of blazed Bragg gratings are utilized, each having unique properties, to increase the robustness of the monitor. In particular, by utilizing a plurality of N gratings, the bandwidth of the monitor may be increased N-fold (assuming no overlap in wavelength between gratings). Alternatively, an improvement in resolution can be obtained by utilizing a narrower bandwidth and measuring N times the number of raw data points within that bandwidth. A combination of increase in bandwidth and resolution may be obtained by a comprise between these two extremes. Chirped blazed gratings may also be employed.

Abstract: A method of planarizing a circuit surface is disclosed. The basic idea is to use the photoresist mask for etching as the mask for lift-off, i.e. after the substrate patterned with photoresist and dry etched, metal is directly deposited onto it and liftoff afterwards. Thus, the deposited metal is self aligned and filled into the etched pattern with a planar surface. It is important that the metal thickness should be the same as the etching depth. The lithography needs a special recipe and photoresist requires a special pre-treatment so that the metal can form a clean edge without any residual metal along the edge. A prototype using this invention, a MEMS switch, is introduced.

Abstract: An optical monitoring arrangement utilizes the properties of a blazed Bragg grating to redirect a portion of an optical signal out of the axial path and into a detecting device. A plurality of blazed Bragg gratings are utilized, each having unique properties, to increase the robustness of the monitor. In particular, by utilizing a plurality of N gratings, the bandwidth of the monitor may be increased N-fold (assuming no overlap in wavelength between gratings). Alternatively, an improvement in resolution can be obtained by utilizing a narrower bandwidth and measuring N times the number of raw data points within that bandwidth. A combination of increase in bandwidth and resolution may be obtained by a comprise between these two extremes. Chirped blazed gratings may also be employed.

Abstract: Electro-optic devices and methods for making and using same are provided wherein waveguide elements are coupled by introducing between them a coupling element to permit strong optical coupling between the waveguides in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction in which light normally would propagate in the waveguides.

Abstract: A composition exhibiting a second order nonlinear optical properties containing a non-centrosymmetric aromatic nonlinear optical compound possessing a delocalized resonance configuration as a guest in a host polyquinoline polymer matrix.