Abstract: The present invention provides a process for forming vinyl-containing compounds including the steps of: a) reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere a dicarboxylic acid and/or anhydride and a functional mono or polyfunctional alcohol to provide a hydroxyl-containing polyester; b) reacting the hydroxyl-containing polyester with a vinyl-containing organic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and an azeotropic agent; and c) reacting the vinyl functional esterified intermediate, residual esterification catalyst and residual vinyl-containing organic acid with an epoxy to provide the vinyl-containing compound.

Abstract: Provided herein are polyester toner resins that may reduce or eliminate the use of Bis A, a common polyester toner resin material that may pose environmental and/or toxicity risks. In addition, the polyester toner resins according to some embodiments of the present invention may have desirable toner resin properties, such as hot offset resistance.

Abstract: Provided according to some embodiments of the present invention are hybrid chemically-produced toners produced by a method including forming a resin component including a) at least one of a water reducible acrylic resin and a water dispersible polyester resin; and b) an epoxy; subjecting the resin component to conditions sufficient to form a hybrid resin component; and dispersing the hybrid resin component into water.