Abstract: The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display substrate including a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. The plurality of gate lines each extend along a first direction, and the plurality of data lines each extend along a second direction. The plurality of data lines are spatially crossed with the plurality of gate lines to define a plurality of pixel regions, and at least one sub-pixel is provided in each of the plurality of pixel regions. At least three sub-pixels adjacent to each other along the second direction form one of a plurality of pixels. All the sub-pixels within one of the plurality of pixels are coupled to a same data line of the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel engine system includes a hydrogen fuel supply, an engine housing having an intake port extending to a cylinder, and an intake runner. The intake runner includes a valve mount attached to a conduit and having a valve mounting face, and a gaseous fuel admission valve is mounted upon the valve mounting face. A hydrogen fuel passage extends from the valve mount through the conduit and is oriented angularly to at least one of a clamping face of the intake runner or the valve mounting face. Related apparatus and methodology is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel engine system includes a hydrogen fuel supply, an engine housing having an intake port extending to a cylinder, and an intake runner. The intake runner includes a valve mount attached to a conduit and having a valve mounting face, and a gaseous fuel admission valve is mounted upon the valve mounting face. A hydrogen fuel passage extends from the valve mount through the conduit and is oriented angularly to at least one of a clamping face of the intake runner or the valve mounting face. Related apparatus and methodology is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel engine system includes a hydrogen fuel supply, an engine housing having an intake port extending to a cylinder, and an intake runner. The intake runner includes a valve mount attached to a conduit and having a valve mounting face, and a gaseous fuel admission valve is mounted upon the valve mounting face. A hydrogen fuel passage extends from the valve mount through the conduit and is oriented angularly to at least one of a clamping face of the intake runner or the valve mounting face. Related apparatus and methodology is also disclosed.

Abstract: Operating a gaseous fuel engine includes spark-igniting gaseous hydrogen fuel and air, and propagating combustion gases of the spark-ignited mixture outwardly from a spark gap. The propagating combustion gases are impinged upon a cone surface of a piston so as to limit a flame area of the propagating combustion gases. Additional gaseous hydrogen fuel and air is ignited in the combustion cylinder by way of the propagating combustion gases to urge a piston toward a bottom-dead-center position.

Abstract: Operating a gaseous hydrogen fuel engine includes controlling an injection timing of a gaseous hydrogen fuel injected into a flow of pressurized intake air so as to produce a leading cooling flow of pressurized intake air into a cylinder in an engine, a trailing purging flow through an intake conduit, and a middle flow of both pressurized intake air and gaseous hydrogen fuel into the cylinder. Undesired combustion such as preignition and/or backfire can be limited. Related apparatus and control logic is also disclosed.

Abstract: Operating a gaseous fuel engine includes spark-igniting gaseous hydrogen fuel and air, and propagating combustion gases of the spark-ignited mixture outwardly from a spark gap. The propagating combustion gases are impinged upon a cone surface of a piston so as to limit a flame area of the propagating combustion gases. Additional gaseous hydrogen fuel and air is ignited in the combustion cylinder by way of the propagating combustion gases to urge a piston toward a bottom-dead-center position.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods are disclosed including an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can include an engine block defining a combustion cylinder and a crankcase, a piston moveable within the combustion cylinder; a cylinder head coupled to the engine block adjacent to and in fluid communication with the combustion cylinder, and a purge system. The purge system can be in fluid communication with the crankcase. The purge system can supply air to the crankcase and to the cylinder head. The purge system can comprise a valve cover coupled to the cylinder head, a breather coupled to the valve cover, and a fumes disposal line coupled with the breather. The fumes disposal line can transport fumes from the breather and away from the cylinder head.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods are disclosed including an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can include an engine block defining a combustion cylinder and a crankcase, a piston moveable within the combustion cylinder; a cylinder head coupled to the engine block adjacent to and in fluid communication with the combustion cylinder, and a purge system. The purge system can be in fluid communication with the crankcase. The purge system can supply air to the crankcase and to the cylinder head. The purge system can comprise a valve cover coupled to the cylinder head, a breather coupled to the valve cover, and a fumes disposal line coupled with the breather. The fumes disposal line can transport fumes from the breather and away from the cylinder head.

Abstract: A dual fuel engine is provided. The dual fuel engine includes an engine cylinder and a piston disposed within the engine cylinder. The dual fuel engine includes a cylinder head coupled to the engine cylinder and a fuel injector coupled to the cylinder head. The fuel injector is adapted to supply a first fuel to the engine cylinder. The dual fuel engine further includes a pre-combustion chamber coupled to the cylinder head at a predetermined distance from the fuel injector. The pre-combustion chamber is in fluid communication with the engine cylinder via at least one conduit and the pre-combustion chamber is adapted to receive a second fuel and an air mixture. The second fuel is different from the first fuel. The dual fuel engine further includes a spark plug structured and arranged within the pre-combustion chamber and the spark plug is adapted to ignite the second fuel within the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: In an aspect of the present disclosure, an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The internal combustion engine has a main combustion chamber, a prechamber, an insert in the prechamber, a fuel valve, and an ignition plug. The main combustion chamber is in fluid communication with the prechamber. The prechamber defines an upper volume and a lower volume about a central plane passing through a midpoint of the prechamber. The fuel valve is disposed in the upper volume and is configured to introduce charge into the prechamber. The ignition plug is configured to ignite the charge. The insert is disposed at least partially in the upper volume of the prechamber to promote mixing of the charge.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present disclosure, a pre-combustion chamber of an engine is disclosed. The pre-combustion chamber comprises a body having an external surface and an internal surface. The internal surface defines an ignition chamber. The pre-combustion chamber further comprises a first conduit adapted to supply a cold gas on the internal surface of the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber further comprises a second conduit adapted to supply a gaseous fuel into the pre-combustion chamber. The flow of the cold gas is regulated into the pre-combustion chamber to reduce temperature inside the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: A dual fuel engine is provided. The dual fuel engine includes an engine cylinder that is adapted to house a piston. A cylinder head is coupled with the engine cylinder. An inlet valve is adapted to inject a second fuel into the engine cylinder. A pre-combustion chamber is adapted to be coupled within the cylinder head to receive a first fuel via a micro-pilot fuel injector. As piston moves towards a top dead center pushing a portion of the second fuel into the pre-combustion chamber via a communication channel, the piston compresses the portion of the second fuel and the first fuel in the pre-combustion chamber for igniting the first fuel and combusting the second fuel. This generates a combustion flame. The pre-combustion chamber is adapted to allow the combustion flame to propagate from the pre-combustion chamber to the engine cylinder via the communication channel.