Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to a memory device and an associated host device are described. The memory device and the host device can include control logic that allow the memory device and host device to share refresh-timing information, which may allow either the memory device or the host, or both, to manage operations during time that is dedicated to, but unused for, refresh or self-refresh operations. Refresh-timing information shared from the host device may indicate elapsed time since the host device issued a refresh command to the memory device and/or how much time remains before the host device is scheduled to issue another refresh command. Refresh-timing information shared from the memory device may indicate elapsed time since the memory device performed a self-refresh operation and/or how much time remains before the memory device is scheduled to initiate or undergo another self-refresh operation.

Abstract: Described apparatuses and methods provide automated error correction with memory refresh. Memory devices can include error correction code (ECC) technology to detect or correct one or more bit-errors in data. Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), including low-power double data rate (LPPDR) synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), performs refresh operations to maintain data stored in a memory array. A refresh operation can be a self-refresh operation or an auto-refresh operation. Described implementations can combine ECC technology with refresh operations to determine a data error with data that is being refreshed or to correct erroneous data that is being refreshed. In an example, data for a read operation is checked for errors. If an error is detected, a corresponding address can be stored. Responsive to the corresponding address being refreshed, corrected data is stored at the corresponding address in conjunction with the refresh operation. Alternatively, data being refreshed can be checked for an error.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods including memory commands for semiconductor memories are described. An example method includes receiving a data clock signal responsive to receiving a timing command, performing an access operation responsive to receiving an access command associated with the timing command, providing an access data clock signal based on the data clock signal, and providing an access data clock signal based on the data clock signal. The access command may be separated in time from the associated timing command by at least one clock cycle of a system clock signal. In some examples, the access command may precede the associated timing command or may follow the associated timing command. In some examples, the access command may immediately follow or precede the associated timing command.

Abstract: Provided is a folding packaging cooler box convertible from a box mode to an unfolding mode or vice versa, comprising: a box portion having a bottom portion, sidewall portions and joint portions configured to connect with one another and to form a single plane in the unfolding mode; and a cooling reinforcing portion configured to be inserted to the inside of the box and to form a hexahedron shape together with said box portion when said box portion is converted into the box mode, wherein said cooling reinforcing portion comprises a reinforcing bottom portion configured to form a lower surface and to face the bottom portion of the said box portion upon conversion into the box mode; reinforcing sidewall portions configured to connect with the said reinforcing bottom portion and to face the sidewall portions of said box portion; and reinforcing joint portions configured to join said reinforcing sidewall portions, to be folded to face itself and to be in close contact with the reinforcing sidewall portions, upon

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for a source follower-based sensing architecture and sensing scheme are described. In one example, a memory device may include a sense circuit that includes two source followers that are coupled to each other and to a sense amplifier. A method of operating the memory device may include transferring a digit line voltage to one of the source followers and transferring a reference voltage to the other source follower. After transferring the digit line voltage and the reference voltage, the source followers may be enabled so that signals representative of the digit line voltage and the reference voltage are transferred from the outputs of the source followers to the sense amplifier for sensing.

Abstract: A charging system configured for reducing a leakage current may include an on board charger (OBC) receiving an alternating current (AC) power supplied from an external source to charge a vehicle battery with the AC power; at least an electric component connected to an output end portion of the OBC; at least a switch selectively connecting the electric component to or from a ground; and a controller connected to the at least a switch and reducing the leakage current flowing to the ground by controlling the switch connected to the electric component depending on whether or not the vehicle battery is charged with the AC power.

Abstract: Provided is a folding packaging cooler box convertible from a box mode to an unfolding mode or vice versa, comprising: a box portion having a bottom portion, sidewall portions and joint portions configured to connect with one another and to form a single plane in the unfolding mode; and a cooling reinforcing portion configured to be inserted to the inside of the box and to form a hexahedron shape together with said box portion when said box portion is converted into the box mode, wherein said cooling reinforcing portion comprises a reinforcing bottom portion configured to form a lower surface and to face the bottom portion of the said box portion upon conversion into the box mode; reinforcing sidewall portions configured to connect with the said reinforcing bottom portion and to face the sidewall portions of said box portion; and reinforcing joint portions configured to join said reinforcing sidewall portions, to be folded to face itself and to be in close contact with the reinforcing sidewall portions, upon

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for a source follower-based sensing architecture and sensing scheme are described. In one example, a memory device may include a sense circuit that includes two source followers that are coupled to each other and to a sense amplifier. A method of operating the memory device may include transferring a digit line voltage to one of the source followers and transferring a reference voltage to the other source follower. After transferring the digit line voltage and the reference voltage, the source followers may be enabled so that signals representative of the digit line voltage and the reference voltage are transferred from the outputs of the source followers to the sense amplifier for sensing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a transparent hydrogel membrane, the method including: (a) preparing 6 to 10 wt % of a hyaluronic acid solution based on a total weight of a mixture by dissolving a hyaluronic acid in a basic aqueous solution; (b) mixing, with the hyaluronic acid solution, 0.01 to 0.05 wt % of a crosslinking agent based on the total weight of the mixture; and (c) shaping the transparent hydrogel membrane by pouring the mixture into a mold.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for determining a phase relationship between an input clock signal and a multiphase clock signal are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a clock path configured to receive a clock signal and provide internal clock signals and a command path configured to receive a command and propagate the command through the command path responsive to the internal clock signals and provide an internal command having a timing that reflects a timing of the clock signal. The example apparatus further includes a data clock path configured to receive a data clock signal and provide multiphase clock signals based on the data clock signal and provide a delayed multiphase clock signal, and further includes a clock synchronization circuit configured to receive the delayed multiphase clock signal and latch a logic level of the delayed multiphase clock signal responsive to the internal command.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing switching element selectively connecting Y-capacitors to ground is provided. The state of a switching device in a power conversion circuit is adjusted such that voltages of different levels are applied to the Y-capacitors, respectively. Therefore, a Y-capacitor disconnect switch which connects a plurality of Y-capacitors connected in common to a DC link to chassis ground is diagnosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for providing active an inactive clock signals are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an input clock buffer and a clock divider circuit. The input clock buffer includes a receiver circuit configured to receive first and second clock signals or first and second constant voltages. The receiver circuit is further configured to provide first and second output signals based on the complementary clock signals or the first and second constant voltages. The first and second clock signals are complementary and the second constant voltage is less than the first constant voltage. The clock divider circuit is configured to receive the first and second output signals and provide multiphase clock signals based on the first and second output signals from the input clock buffer.

Abstract: In an example apparatus, a command path receives read commands and provides respective control signals for each read command. The command path is configured to provide initial control signals for an initial read command responsive to a first clock edge of a clock signal of a plurality of multiphase clock signals and to further provide respective control signals for subsequent read commands responsive to receipt of the subsequent read commands. The example apparatus further includes a read data output circuit configured to receive the control signals from the command path and further receive read data in parallel. The read data output circuit is configured to provide the read data serially responsive to the control signals.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for determining a phase relationship between an input clock signal and a multiphase clock signal are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a clock path configured to receive a clock signal and provide internal clock signals and a command path configured to receive a command and propagate the command through the command path responsive to the internal clock signals and provide an internal command having a timing that reflects a timing of the clock signal. The example apparatus further includes a data clock path configured to receive a data clock signal and provide multiphase clock signals based on the data clock signal and provide a delayed multiphase clock signal, and further includes a clock synchronization circuit configured to receive the delayed multiphase clock signal and latch a logic level of the delayed multiphase clock signal responsive to the internal command.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing switching element selectively connecting Y-capacitors to ground is provided. The state of a switching device in a power conversion circuit is adjusted such that voltages of different levels are applied to the Y-capacitors, respectively. Therefore, a Y-capacitor disconnect switch which connects a plurality of Y-capacitors connected in common to a DC link to chassis ground is diagnosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a transparent hydrogel membrane, the method including: (a) preparing 6 to 10 wt % of a hyaluronic acid solution based on a total weight of a mixture by dissolving a hyaluronic acid in a basic aqueous solution; (b) mixing, with the hyaluronic acid solution, 0.01 to 0.05 wt % of a crosslinking agent based on the total weight of the mixture; and (c) shaping the transparent hydrogel membrane by pouring the mixture into a mold.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for a source follower-based sensing architecture and sensing scheme are described. In one example, a memory device may include a sense circuit that includes two source followers that are coupled to each other and to a sense amplifier. A method of operating the memory device may include transferring a digit line voltage to one of the source followers and transferring a reference voltage to the other source follower. After transferring the digit line voltage and the reference voltage, the source followers may be enabled so that signals representative of the digit line voltage and the reference voltage are transferred from the outputs of the source followers to the sense amplifier for sensing.

Abstract: A fault diagnosis method of a power electric system for a vehicle may include driving an inverter to output an output voltage command for fault detection; measuring a current input to each phase of a motor connected to the inverter; measuring a voltage of the neutral stage of the motor; and determining whether there are faults of a connection member connecting between the inverter and the motor and a relay connected to the neutral stage of the motor based on the measured current input to each phase of the motor and the voltage of the neutral stage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fault diagnosis apparatus of a rapid charging system for a vehicle including an external device configured to exchange power with a vehicle battery, a power transfer unit including a three-phase motor, an inverter connected to the battery in parallel and connected to the three-phase motor, and one or more relays connected to the three-phase motor and configured to transfer power between the external device and the battery, and a controller configured to control the on and off functions of the relay, to control driving of the inverter to generate voltages applied to one end of each of the relays, and to diagnose fault of relays by comparing voltages of both ends of the relays while turning the relays on/off.

Abstract: A charging system configured for reducing a leakage current may include an on board charger (OBC) receiving an alternating current (AC) power supplied from an external source to charge a vehicle battery with the AC power; at least an electric component connected to an output end portion of the OBC; at least a switch selectively connecting the electric component to or from a ground; and a controller connected to the at least a switch and reducing the leakage current flowing to the ground by controlling the switch connected to the electric component depending on whether or not the vehicle battery is charged with the AC power.