Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for measuring acceleration and a tilt angle using thermal convection of a fluid which includes a container containing the fluid, a heating body including a first heating element and a second heating element arranged in the container and a crosspoint that is formed as end portions of the first and second heating elements are electrically connected, and radiating heat when current is applied through the other end portions of the first and second heating elements, and a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction that contacts the crosspoint of the heating body and being point-symmetric with the heating body with respect to the crosspoint of the heating body, wherein a voltage between both end portions of the thermocouple is measured to calculate a temperature of the crosspoint of the heating body.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for measuring acceleration and a tilt angle using thermal convection of a fluid which includes a container containing the fluid, a heating body including a first heating element and a second heating element arranged in the container and a crosspoint that is formed as end portions of the first and second heating elements are electrically connected, and radiating heat when current is applied through the other end portions of the first and second heating elements, and a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction that contacts the crosspoint of the heating body and being point-symmetric with the heating body with respect to the crosspoint of the heating body, wherein a voltage between both end portions of the thermocouple is measured to calculate a temperature of the crosspoint of the heating body.

Abstract: A thermal conduction vacuum gauge using a Peltier tip is provided. The vacuum gauge for measuring the pressure in a vacuum chamber includes: a signal generator that drives an electric current; an ammeter connected to the signal generator for measuring the current; a bridge circuit consisting of junctions of thermocouple wires, which is connected to the ammeter, wherein one junction of the dissimilar metallic wires is made in the form of a Peltier tip inserted into the vacuum chamber; and a lock-in amplifier connected to the two symmetrical points of the bridge circuit for detecting a voltage signal due to the temperature oscillation at the Peltier tip and thus measuring the pressure in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring thermal properties and making thermomechanical modifications on a material surface using a junction of different metallic wires. The junction of different metallic wires, defined as a Peltier tip, is distinguished from a conventional thermocouple by the fact that it works as a point heat source and as a point temperature sensor simultaneously when an electric current flows into the tip. This novel functionality of the Peltier tip offers a way to thermally characterize a material surface with submicron-scale spatial resolution and high sensitivity, while providing high spatial resolution and speed for thermal modifications since both heating and cooling are possible at the Peltier tip.

Abstract: A thermal conduction vacuum gauge using a Peltier tip is provided. The vacuum gauge for measuring the pressure in a vacuum chamber includes: a signal generator that drives an electric current; an ammeter connected to the signal generator for measuring the current; a bridge circuit consisting of junctions of thermocouple wires, which is connected to the ammeter, wherein one junction of the dissimilar metallic wires is made in the form of a Peltier tip inserted into the vacuum chamber; and a lock-in amplifier connected to the two symmetrical points of the bridge circuit for detecting a voltage signal due to the temperature oscillation at the Peltier tip and thus measuring the pressure in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring internal properties and making thermomechanical modifications on a material surface using a junction of different metallic wires. The junction of different metallic wires, defines as the Peltier tip, is distinguished from a conventional thermocouple by the fact that it works as a point heat source and as a point temperature sensor simultaneously when an electric current flows into the tip. This novel functionality of the Peltier tip offers a way o the thermal characterizations of a material surface with submicron-scale spatial resolution and high sensitivity, while providing high spatial resolution and speed for thermal modifications since both heating and cooling are possible at the Peltier tip.