Abstract: A semiconductor device including a first interlayer insulating layer on a substrate, a lower wiring pattern in the first interlayer insulating layer, a second interlayer insulating layer on the first interlayer insulating layer, a via filling layer filling a via trench in the second interlayer insulating layer, a third interlayer insulating layer contacting an upper surface of the second interlayer insulating layer, and an upper wiring pattern in an upper wiring trench formed on the via trench in the third interlayer insulating layer and contacting an upper surface of the via filling layer, the upper wiring pattern including a first upper wiring barrier layer on sidewalls of the upper wiring trench, a second upper wiring barrier layer on sidewalls of the first upper wiring barrier layer and the upper surface of the via filling layer, and an upper wiring filling layer on the second upper wiring barrier layer.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for inhibiting or alleviating itching, which includes riboflavin or riboflavin analog. The riboflavin or riboflavin analog are very effective in inhibiting or alleviating itching, scalp itching, or allergic itching by inhibiting itching information transmission through blocking of a current generated by histamine, which is a major factor of itching.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the elucidation of a gene that can act as a novel marker for liver cancer diagnosis and to diagnostic and prognostic measurements of liver cancer using the same. More specifically, it relates to a diagnosis kit that enables diagnostic and prognostic measurement of a liver cancer using a preparation that measures expression levels of at least one gene selected from a group of liver cancer diagnosis markers consisting of S100P, NK4, CCL20, CSPG2, PLAU, MMP12, ESM-1, ABHD7, HCAPG, CXCL-3, Col5A2, MAGEA, GSN, CDC2, CST1, MELK, ATAD2, FAP and MSN and/or a method for diagnostic and prognostic measurement of liver cancer using the same. These have been discovered using normal liver tissues and liver cancer tissues collected from the same liver cancer patient of the present invention and represent the markers whose accuracy and reliability have been greatly improved as markers of liver cancer.