Abstract: An optical switching system modulates two-directional optical paths of optical signals from fiber to fiber. The optical switching system includes an array of input optical fibers for receiving the optical signals from outside, an array of first deformable mirrors for modulating first-directional optical paths of the optical signals, an array of second deformable mirrors for modulating second-directional optical paths of the optical signals, and an array of output optical fibers for routing the optical signals to outside. Each of the optical signals travels from an input optical fiber to a destined output optical fiber via a first and a second deformable mirror. The optical switching system provides a 2-axes switching capability of the optical signal by utilizing twice one-directional modulator, each being involved for determining one-directional address of the optical signal, which will, in turns, achieve all-switching capability between multiple optical channels from fiber to fiber.

Abstract: An optical switching system modulates two-directional optical paths of optical signals from fiber to fiber. The optical switching system includes an array of input optical fibers for receiving the optical signals from outside, an array of first deformable mirrors for modulating first-directional optical paths of the optical signals, an array of second deformable mirrors for modulating second-directional optical paths of the optical signals, and an array of output optical fibers for routing the optical signals to outside. Each of the optical signals travels from an input optical fiber to a destined output optical fiber via a first and a second deformable mirror. The optical switching system provides a 2-axes switching capability of the optical signal by utilizing twice one-directional modulator, each being involved for determining one-directional address of the optical signal, which will, in turns, achieve all-switching capability between multiple optical channels from fiber to fiber.

Abstract: A three-level infra-red bolometer includes an active matrix level, a support level, a pair of posts and an absorption level. The active matrix level includes a substrate having an integrated circuit, a pair of connecting terminals and a protective layer covering the substrate. The support level includes a pair of bridges, each of the bridges being provided with a conduction line formed on top thereof, wherein one end of the conduction line is electrically connected to the respective connecting terminal. The absorption level includes a serpentine bolometer element surrounded by an absorber made of silicon oxide (SiO2) or silicon oxy-nitride (SiOxNy). Each of the posts includes an electrical conduit surrounded by an insulating material and is placed between the absorption level and the bridge, in such a way that the serpentine bolometer element is electrically connected to the integrated circuit through the electrical conduit, the conduction line and the connecting terminal.

Abstract: The inventive three-level infrared bolometer includes an active matrix level, a support level, a pair of post and a absorption level. The active matrix level includes a substrate having an integrated circuit, a pair of connecting terminal and a protective layer covering the substrate. The support level includes a pair of bridges, each of the bridges being provided with a conduction line formed on top thereof, wherein one end of the conduction line is electrically connected to the respective connecting terminal. The absorption level includes a serpentine bolometer element surrounded by an absorber, and an infrared absorber coating formed on the absorber and having a rough surface. Each of posts includes an electrical conduit surrounded by an insulating material and is placed between the absorption level and the bridge, in such a way that the serpentine bolometer element is electrically connected to the integrated circuit through the electrical conduit, the conduction line and the connecting terminal.

Abstract: A three-level infrared bolometer including an active matrix level, a support level, posts and an absorption level. The active matrix level includes a substrate having an integrated circuit, connecting terminals and a protective layer covering the substrate. The support level includes bridges, each of the bridges being provided with a conduction line formed on top thereof, wherein one end of the conduction line is electrically connected to the respective connecting terminal. The absorption level includes an absorber, a bolometer element surrounded by the absorber, a titanium thin film on top of the absorber, and an infrared absorber coating made of silicon oxy-nitride and formed on top of the titanium thin film, the infrared absorber coating having multipores therein and a rough top surface as a result of the titanium film surface not providing enough nucleation sites for it to grow stably.