Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements in a transducer array that are overheating. This may be accomplished by using thermistors that sense the temperature of each electrode element. Portions of the wiring of each transducer array is shared between the electrode elements and the thermistors by using a plurality of conductors, each of which electrically connects (a) a pin of a connector, (b) a respective electrode element, and (c) a respective thermistor. In some embodiments, all of the thermistors are wired in series. In other embodiments, all the thermistors share a common connection.

Abstract: Tumors in portions of a subject's body that have a longitudinal axis (e.g., the torso, head, and arm) can be treated with TTFields by affixing first and second sets of electrodes at respective positions that are longitudinally prior to and subsequent to a target region. An AC voltage with a frequency of 100-500 kHz is applied between these sets of electrodes. This imposes an AC electric field with field lines that run through the target region longitudinally. The field strength is at least 1 V/cm in at least a portion of the target region. In some embodiments, this approach is combined with the application of AC electric fields through the target region in a lateral direction (e.g., front to back and/or side to side) in order to apply AC electric fields with different orientations to the target region.

Abstract: A transducer array, tumor treating field system, and method are herein disclosed. The transducer array comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, a temperature sensing circuit, and a lead. The temperature sensing circuit comprises a first thermistor adjacent to the first electrode, the first thermistor being a first variable resistor whose resistance varies with temperature and an RC circuit coupled in series with the first thermistor, the RC circuit comprising a second thermistor adjacent to the second electrode, and a capacitor in parallel with the second thermistor, the second thermistor being a second variable resistor whose resistance varies with temperature. The lead configured to carry an electrical signal to the first electrode and the second electrode, the lead further having a first sensor wire electrically coupled to the first thermistor and a second sensor wire electrically coupled to the RC circuit opposite the first thermistor.

Abstract: When arrays of electrode elements are used to apply alternating electric fields to a subject's body, the subject may experience electrosensation. This electrosensation can be ameliorated by selectively deactivating different electrode elements (or reducing the current that flows through different electrode elements) during respective different periods of time, and accepting feedback that indicates whether the electrosensation is occurring during each of those respective different periods of time. If deactivating a given one of the electrode elements (or reducing the current) ameliorates the electrosensation, the subject can be treated with alternating electric fields while the given electrode element is deactivated (or being driven with less current).

Abstract: An apparatus has an electrode subassembly having a circuitry layer having a skin-facing inner side and an outer side. A plurality of electrode elements are disposed on the inner side of the circuitry layer and electrically coupled to the circuitry layer. Each electrode element of the plurality of electrode elements has an electrode edge. A layer of anisotropic material is electrically coupled to the plurality of electrode elements of the electrode subassembly. The layer of anisotropic material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface. The layer of anisotropic material has a peripheral outer edge. The peripheral outer edge of the layer of anisotropic material extends beyond the electrode edge of each respective electrode element of the plurality of electrode elements. A skin contact layer comprises a biocompatible conductive material. The skin contact layer is disposed on a skin-facing side of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: When transducer arrays (i.e., arrays of electrode elements) are used to apply alternating electric fields to a subject's body, the subject may experience electrosensation. This electrosensation can be ameliorated by changing the way the voltage ramps up from zero to its peak when the AC voltage is first applied to any given transducer array, and also when the alternating electric field switches direction.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for imposing electric fields through a target region a patient are described. An apparatus includes a transducer array having a first and second electrode element receiving an alternating current waveform and a sensor array having a first temperature sensor positioned to detect a first temperature of the first electrode element and a second temperature sensor positioned to detect a second temperature of the second electrode element. The first temperature sensor is connected to a first conductor and second conductor. The second temperature sensor is connected to the second conductor and third conductor. A circuit provides a first known amount of electricity via the first conductor and second conductor to obtain the first temperature and a second known amount of electricity via the second conductor and the third conductor to obtain the second temperature. A controller adjusts the alternating current waveform based on the temperatures.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is herein disclosed.

Abstract: A transducer array, tumor treating field system, and method are herein disclosed. The transducer array comprises an electrode having a first side and a second side; a transfer layer covering the first side of the electrode and configured to transfer TTFields into a patient; a temperature sensor in contact with the second side of the at least one electrode; and an isolation layer covering the temperature sensor and at least a portion of the at least one electrode such that the temperature sensor is positioned between the isolation layer and the second side of the electrode, the isolation layer resisting at least one of heat flow and fluid flow through the isolation layer.

Abstract: A cage assembly can have at least one enclosure. Each enclosure can have a floor defining a floor area having a major dimension and a cover having a bottom surface. A spacing between the bottom surface of the cover and the floor can define a cage height. At least one sidewall can extend between the floor and the cover. A ratio of the cage height to the major dimension of the floor area of each enclosure of the at least one enclosure can be at least 0.70.

Abstract: A device and method for determining a property of an electric field are herein described. The device comprises: a housing having a biocompatible outer surface; a plurality of electrodes supported by the housing; and a controller supported within the housing, the controller comprising a processor, a communication device, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing processor-executable code that when executed causes the processor to: measure a potential difference between a first electrode and a second electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the first electrode and the second electrode being spaced a predetermined distance apart; and transmit, with the communication device, data indicative of the potential difference.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing Tumor-Treating Fields comprises an electrode layer having a plurality of electrode elements. First and second electrode elements are spaced apart within the electrode layer along a first axis. The electrode layer has at least one filler structure having a first filler portion positioned within a space between the first and second electrode elements. The at least one filler structure is configured to provide the electrode layer with a substantially consistent height along the first axis. The apparatus can further have an upper adhesive layer, a lower adhesive layer, and a layer of anisotropic material therebetween. The plurality of electrode elements can be in electrical contact with the outwardly facing surface of the layer of anisotropic material.

Abstract: A transducer array for use in tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy is particularly suited for use in treating abdominal or thoracic cancers. The transducer array has features that increase its flexibility and adhesion to the patient's skin, including a branching configuration and a correspondingly branching top covering adhesive-backed layer. Additionally, a skin-level adhesive layer is provided beneath the flex circuit to which the electrode elements are attached, to help ensure thorough, lasting adhesion of the transducer array to the patient's skin over the course of treatment.

Abstract: A system and method for constructing a 3D phantom with epoxy utilizing conductive particles is herein disclosed. The phantom, comprising: a container for housing a fluid, the container having at least one exterior wall comprising an exterior surface and an interior surface defining a cavity, the exterior wall constructed of a non-conductive matrix material mixed with conductive particles to provide the exterior wall with an electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity to model electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity of a first biological component; and a conductive solution within the cavity, the conductive solution being at least one of a fluid solution, a suspension, and a gel and configured to model electrical impedance, resistance, resistivity, or conductivity of a second biological component.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for imposing electric fields through a target region in a body of a patient are described. The apparatus includes a sensor array having a plurality of temperature sensors with a plurality of first temperature sensors of the sensor array connected to a first conductor, and a plurality of second temperature sensors connected to a second conductor. A circuit is configured to provide a known amount of electricity via the first conductor and the second conductor to a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor within the plurality of first temperature sensors, and within the plurality of second temperature sensors.

Abstract: A swivel assembly can have a longitudinal axis. The swivel assembly can have an upper portion and a lower portion that is rotationally coupled to the upper portion. The lower portion can have a connector configured to securely engage a cable. The lower portion can be configured to remain in electrical communication with the upper portion as the lower portion rotates with respect to the upper portion. A motor can be disposed between the upper portion and the lower portion and configured to selectively rotate the lower portion. A sensor can be configured to detect torsion in the cable. A controller can be in communication with the sensor and the motor. Upon receiving a signal from the sensor indicating a threshold torsion in the cable, the controller can be configured to cause the motor to rotate in a direction corresponding to a direction of the torsion in the cable.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered to a subject's body at higher field strengths by switching off one or more electrode elements in a transducer array that are overheating. This may be accomplished by using thermistors that sense the temperature of each electrode element. Portions of the wiring of each transducer array is shared between the electrode elements and the thermistors by using a plurality of conductors, each of which electrically connects (a) a pin of a connector, (b) a respective electrode element, and (c) a respective thermistor. In some embodiments, all of the thermistors are wired in series. In other embodiments, all the thermistors share a common connection.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.

Abstract: A transducer array for use in tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy is particularly suited for use in treating abdominal or thoracic cancers. The transducer array has features that increase its flexibility and adhesion to the patient's skin, including a branching configuration and a correspondingly branching top covering adhesive-backed layer. Additionally, a skin-level adhesive layer is provided beneath the flex circuit to which the electrode elements are attached, to help ensure thorough, lasting adhesion of the transducer array to the patient's skin over the course of treatment.

Abstract: An adhesive layer for use in a transducer apparatus, the adhesive layer extending in an x-y plane and having an adhesive layer outer edge, the adhesive layer including: an adhesive matrix material; a plurality of electrically conductive particles embedded at least partially within the adhesive matrix material forming a conductive adhesive region of the adhesive layer; and at least one non-conductive edge portion comprising an adhesive devoid of electrically conductive particles, the at least one non-conductive edge portion being electrically non-conductive; wherein, when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the x-y plane, a first non-conductive edge portion is located adjacent to and extends along an outer edge of the conductive adhesive region and forms at least a portion of an outer perimeter of the adhesive layer.