Abstract: A compound of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tri-substituted (C3-C11)cycloalkyl or (C3-C11)cycloalkenyl or the like, A is unsubstituted (C1-C7)alkyl or (C2-C5)alkenyl, hydroxy-(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy-(C?O), or unsubstituted, mono-, di- or tri-substituted aryl, or aromatic-heterocyclic or the like, M is a covalent bond O, S, NH or the like, Y is 4- to 12-membered bicyclic-carbocyclic rings or 4- to 12-membered bicyclic-heterocyclic rings, or 5- to 17 membered spirocarbocyclic rings or 5- to 17-membered spiroheterocyclic rings or the like, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are hydrogen or the like, is disclosed. These compounds have ORL1-receptor agonist activity, and are thus useful as analgesics or the like in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: A compound of formula: R1 and R2 are independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a mono-, bi-, tri- or spiro-cyclic group having 3 to 13 carbon atoms, wherein the cyclic group is optionally substituted by one to five substituents; A is (C1-C3)alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or the like; R is hydrogen, (C1-C3)alkyl, amino-(C1-C6)alkyl, heterocyclic-(C1-C3)alkyl wherein the heterocyclic is optionally substituted by amino, ((C1-C4)alkyl)-Z—(C1-C6)alkyl wherein Z is OC(═O) or the like; and X is (C1-C3)alkyl, phenyl or the like. These compounds are useful as ORL1-receptor agonists, and useful as analgesics or the like in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined above are useful as ORL1-receptor agonists, and useful as analgesics or the like in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: 1