Abstract: Provided is a toner not undergoing the effect of change of temperature and humidity, with high charging stability and having good fixing property and releasability. This is an electrophotographic toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, a charge controller and a wax in which the binder resin comprises a polyester resin having an aromatic alcohol ingredient, the charge controller comprises an organic bentonite and the wax comprises a non-polar paraffin wax.

Abstract: There are provided a toner, a method of manufacturing the toner, a two-component developer, a developing device, and an image forming apparatus, which are excellent in a charge rising property, environmental stability, and life stability during printing and which cause less fogging. The toner contains a core particle containing binder resin and colorant, and a coating layer which contains resin and a charge control agent and is formed on a surface of the core particle. At least a part of the resin contained in the coating layer is melt-bonded to the core particle, and the charge control agent is dispersed and immobilized in the coating layer. The dispersed charge control agent has a dispersion diameter of less than 1 ?m.

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles containing at least binder resin and colorant. The toner particles contain a large-sized toner particle group of particles and a small-sized toner particle group of particles having a volume average particle size smaller than that of the large-sized toner particle group. In the toner, a volume average particle size D50v is 4 ?m to 8 ?m at 50% in accumulated volume counted from a large particle-side in accumulated volume distribution of entire toner particles; a content of toner particles contained in a toner particle group having a volume average particle size of 7 ?m or more is 24% to 47% by volume based on the entire toner particles; and a content of toner particles contained in a toner particle group having a number average particle size of 5 ?m or less is 10% to 50% by number or less based on the entire toner particles.

Abstract: in a toner at least containing a binder resin and a colorant, a value obtained by dividing a particle size D50p by a particle size D84p is 1.43 or more and 1.64 or less, wherein D50p and D84p respectively represent particle sizes at 50% and 84% of cumulative number counted from a large-size side in a cumulative number distribution. Further, in the toner, an average degree of circularity of toner particles having a volume average particle size of 1 ?m or more and 4 ?m or less is 0.940 or more and 0.960 or less. Further, in the toner, a content of toner particles having an average degree of circularity of 0.850 or less is 10% by number or less among the toner particles having a volume average particle size of 1 ?m or more and 4 ?m or less.

Abstract: There is provided a toner which is excellent in temporal stability and environmental stability of charges and which is capable of forming images that contains almost no background fog and has high density even in a long-term use and in use at a high-temperature and high-humid circumstance, and furthermore the toner which is not scattered inside an image forming apparatus and thus causes no contamination inside the apparatus, and there is further provided a method of manufacturing the above toner. An organic boron compound is contained as a charge control agent, a surface CCA concentration per specific surface area of toner falls in a range from 2.1×10?6 g/cm2 to 5.5×10?6 g/cm2, and a surface CCA concentration is 1.8×10?3 g/g or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming images with a toner and includes an image forming section, a paper feeding section and an image reading section, in which the non-magnetic toner is as follows: the particle size D10V and the particle size D90V of the toner satisfy the following formula (1), the particle size D50V is from 5 to 8 ?m, and the content of the toner particles having a particle size of at most 5 ?m is from 15 to 35% by number: 0.415?(D10V?D90V)/D10V?0.475??(1) wherein D10V, D50V and D90V each are a particle size where a cumulative volume from the large particle size side in the cumulative volume distribution of the toner particles reaches 10%, 50% and 90%, respectively.

Abstract: A toner is provided for forming an image on a sheet of ordinary paper using a small amount of toner which is favorable in the density, less in the difference in reflection between toner layers thereof in each color. Even when the toner is small in the consumption, its image can be high in the density and uniform in the color reproduction. The toner contains a binding resin and a coloring pigment, the coloring pigment ranging from 5 percent to 20 percent by weight, wherein the average volumetric particle diameter D is 3 to 9 ?m. The calculated average surface roughness Rs of a solid image developed and fixed at 0.2 to 0.5 mg/cm2 of the adhered amount M on a transfer medium of which the calculated average surface roughness Rp is 5 to 7 ?m, satisfies an relational expression Rs/Rp?0.6×D/(10 M/?), where ? is the true specific gravity of the toner in g/cm3.

Abstract: A color toner which enables sufficient image density and color reproduction with no influence of a printing surface at the time of forming an image, and further enables the formation with a small amount of toner of a sharp, high density image having almost the same evenness as that formed by surface printing. The thickness of a toner image that has been formed and fixed on a printing medium is controlled and the pigment concentration in the toner and the melting characteristics of the toner are properly designated, thereby allowing a sharp, high-density image to be obtained with a small amount of toner.

Abstract: Provided is a toner not undergoing the effect of change of temperature and humidity, with high charging stability and having good fixing property and releasability. This is an electrophotographic toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, a charge controller and a wax in which the binder resin comprises a polyester resin having an aromatic alcohol ingredient, the charge controller comprises an organic bentonite and the wax comprises a non-polar paraffin wax.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is prepared by using a binder resin having an acid value of 5 to 15 mgKOH/g, a salicylic metal complex, a colorant, and a releasing agent. In the preparation determination for the third root distribution of a light emission voltage by helium atmospheric pressure microwave induction plasmas for carbon atoms derived from the binder resin and metal atoms derived from the salicylic metal complex is made based on a value measured by a micro-particle measuring apparatus including a normal pressure or atmospheric pressure space, a capillary tube inserted at one end in the space, a microwave source, a cavity, a quartz tubular reactor, a discharge means, an analyses means, and a signal detection portion. The absolute deviation showing the scattering of approximate straight lines approximated by a least squares method is controlled to be 0.08 or less.

Abstract: A toner is provided with which the image formed by the use of an image-forming apparatus for electrophotography may keep a good and uniform image density for a long period of time from the initial stage of image formation. The toner contains a toner base particle containing at least a colorant and a binder resin, silica having an average particle size of 40 nm or larger and 200 nm or smaller, and an aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide mixed oxide having an average particle size of 5 nm or larger and 25 nm or smaller. The silica and the aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide mixed oxide are externally added to the toner base particle.

Abstract: A color toner which enables sufficient image density and color reproduction with no influence of a printing surface at the time of forming an image, and further enables the formation with a small amount of toner of a sharp, high density image having almost the same evenness as that formed by surface printing. The thickness of a toner image that has been formed and fixed on a printing medium is controlled and the pigment concentration in the toner and the melting characteristics of the toner are properly designated, thereby allowing a sharp, high-density image to be obtained with a small amount of toner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner constituting a dual component is composed of toner base particles and fine inorganic particles having a volume mean diameter of 250 to 600 nm with a specific surface area of 0.25 to 0.5 m2/g for serving as an abrasive, and is characterized in that 1.5 to 2 parts by weight of the abrasive is externally added to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles and made to be deposited over the toner base particle surface. Also, the above electrophotographic toner is used for an electrophotographic apparatus which includes a photoreceptor cleaning device located above the level that passes through the center of the photoreceptor drum.

Abstract: A toner, wherein at least a part of inorganic fine particles is fixed on the surface of core particles made of a binder resin containing a colorant, by applying heat in a hot air flow, is designed so as to satisfy the following expression: 2.0×[6/(&rgr;D)]≧S≧1.1×[6/(&rgr;D)]  (1) where S: toner BET specific surface area, &rgr;: toner specific gravity, and D: toner volume average particle size. Thus, it becomes possible to manufacture a toner that is superior in various properties in a stable manner.

Abstract: A particle surface improving method for forming a film of a surface improving agent that improves the property of a particle surface by exposing particles to a supersaturation atmosphere of the surface improving agent to let the surface improving agent condense on the particle surface. This method can improve the particle surface by a simpler manipulation in a shorter time without charging the particles.

Abstract: A binder resin as the main component of the toner has a low molecular weight polypropylene as a separating agent, encapsulated therein. Using this binder a toner with the wax having a diameter of 0.3 .mu.m or less dispersed therein is produced. The wax is included 0.5 part to 5 parts by weight for 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. This limitation of the toner prevents the setoff phenomenon during the fixing process and at the same time prevents the filming phenomenon over the photoreceptor and achieves an improved fixing performance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner is made up of toner particles composed of irregularly-shaped core particles made chiefly of binder resin, and surface-modifying fine particles which are first dispersed over and attached to the surface of the core particles, and then affixed or formed into a film thereon. The BET specific surface area, based on N.sub.2 adsorption, of the toner particles is less than 0.64 times the BET specific surface area of the core particles and surface-modifying fine particles combined together. Further, this value is 1.07 times the BET specific surface area of hypothetical toner particles which are perfect spheres. Consequently, the toner is not prone to problems such as filming, toner scattering, and fogging which are caused by peeling, separation, etc. of the surface-modifying fine particles, nor to poor cleaning due to spherical toner particles.

Abstract: An image forming device includes an optical system for forming an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive body by exposure of an original in light, a development system for developing the electrostatic latent image, and a control system for controlling the optical system and the development system. The control system detects the concentration of a toner in a developing agent tank, calculating a difference between the detected toner concentration and a predetermined toner concentration, replenishing the toner to the developing agent tank until the detected toner concentration makes a recovery to the predetermined toner concentration, clocking a time period for the recovery and controlling at least one of the amount of the exposure light and the amount of the toner adhering to a photosensitive body based on the clocked time period for the recovery.

Abstract: The extra-fine toner arising in the toner producing process, is returned to the mixing step where it is mixed again with the binder resin and the coloring agent, and the compound is sent out to the kneading step. In this procedure, the particle size of the binder resin is set in accordance with the particle size and blending amount of the extra-fine toner, the kind of the binder resin, etc. By using the binder resin having the thus determined particle size, the amount of the binder to be fed into the mixer or the amount of the compound ejected from the mixer are maintained uniform. Further, when the extra-fine toner is mixed with the starting materials, the blending ratio of the extra-fine toner to the starting material is set between 5 wt. % and 10 wt. %, and the blending ratios of the charge control agent and the coloring agent are set equal to those of the normal process where no recycled toner is added.

Abstract: A toner producing system which can efficiently produce toner having a sharp particle size distribution by suppressing the occurrence of microscopic powders and improve energy efficiency in pulverization. The system is furnished with a second pulverizing apparatus having a second colliding plate inclined at an angle in a range between 45.degree. and 90.degree. inclusive with respect to a direction in which a raw material subject to pulverization is introduced into a second pulverizing chamber through a second nozzle, and a third pulverizing apparatus having a third colliding plate with a conical member being placed thereon, so that the raw material introduced into a third pulverizing chamber through a third nozzle collides with an inner surface thereof following the collision with the third colliding plate.